Detection and Identification of Two Phytoplasmas (16<scp>S</scp>r<scp>III</scp>‐<scp>B</scp> and 16<scp>S</scp>r<scp>XII</scp>‐<scp>A</scp>) From Alfalfa (<i><scp>M</scp>edicago sativa</i>) in <scp>S</scp>erbia

Starović, Mira; Kuzmanović, Slobodan; Gavrilović, Veljko; Aleksić, Goran; Popović, Tatjana; Stojanović, Saša; Jošić, Dragana

doi:10.1111/jph.12010

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Nevertheless, it seems obvious that the phytoplasmas are related to the stolbur group. Until now, 'Ca Phytoplasma solani' and stolbur group related phytoplasmas as causal agents of alfalfa diseases were only reported from Italy and Serbia (Marzachi et al 2000, Starovi et al 2012). This research is the first report of their association with alfalfa yellows disease in Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…phytoplasma fraxini' were reported to cause alfalfa phytoplasma diseases in Canada (Khadhair et al 1997) and Argentina (Conci et al 2005), respectively. In Europe, phytoplasmas of the peanut WB group in several regions (Seemüller et al 1998, Martini et al 2007), the stolbur group in Italy (Marzachi et al 2000) and Serbia (Starovi et al 2012) and 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' in Lithuania (Jomantiene et al 2000) caused alfalfa witches'-broom disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, 'Ca. Phytoplasma australiense' in Australia (Getachew et al 2007) and phytoplasmas of the X-disease group in Serbia (Starovi et al 2012) were reported that cause alfalfa yellows, another important alfalfa disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of phytoplasmas related to peanut witches’-broom and stolbur groups associated with alfalfa diseases in Iran

2013

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In the central and south eastern provinces of Iran, alfalfa plants showing phytoplasma diseases-like symptoms categorized into three major types, namely witches'-brooms, little leaf and yellowing, were observed during 2008 and 2009. Phytoplasmas were detected by PCR assays using phytoplasma universal primer pair P1/P7 followed by nested PCR using primer pair R16F2n/R16R2. PCR results confirmed the phytoplasma infection in symptomatic alfalfa plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene from the Iranian alfalfa phytoplasmas indicated that phytoplasmas of the 16SrII and 16SrXII groups were associated with alfalfa witches'-broom and alfalfa yellows, respectively, while phytoplasmas of the 16SrII-D subgroup are associated with alfalfa little leaf disease. This research is the first study to report stolbur phytoplasmas as causal agents of alfalfa yellows and 16SrII-D phytoplasmas as causal agents of alfalfa little leaf diseases in Iran.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of phytoplasmas related to peanut witches’-broom and stolbur groups associated with alfalfa diseases in Iran

2013

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“…Forage and silage alfalfa Medicago sativa L. with production of about 21,500,000 tons per year and yield of 33076.9 kg/ha have an important role in Iran agriculture as the fifth producer in the world (FAOSTAT, 2013). AWB disease as one of the most important factors affecting alfalfa production was reported for the first time in the United States of America in 1925 (Haskell, 1926), and after that, reported to occur in many alfalfa growing areas in the world (Smarz et al, 1981;Khadhair et al, 1997;Peters et al, 1999;Jomantiene et al, 2000;Marzachì et al, 2000;Khan et al, 2002;Conci et al, 2005;Jones et al, 2005;Getachew et al, 2007;Li et al, 2012;Starović et al, 2012;Esmailzadeh Hosseini et al, 2015a;2015b;2015c). In Iran, for the first time, AWB symptoms were observed in alfalfa farms in Sistan Baluchestan, Fars and Kerman provinces (Salehi and Izadpanah, 1993b).…”

Section: Introduction 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of 16SrII group phytoplasmas associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) witches’ broom disease in diverse areas of Iran

Hosseini¹,

Khodakaramian²,

Salehi³

et al. 2016

jcp

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Alfalfa witches' broom (AWB) is one of the most important alfalfa diseases in Iran. To characterize 16SrII group phytoplasmas associated with this disease, symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected during 2013-2015 and subjected to direct and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR2 and R16F2n/R16R2. PCR amplicons of ~1.8, ~1.4 and ~1.25 kb respectively, were obtained only from all symptomatic plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of R16F2n/R2 amplicons showed that the phytoplasma associated with AWB disease were members of 16SrII group subgroups 16SrII-D and-C. Blast analysis of these amplicon sequences and sequence homology of collected strains and strain sequences retrived from GenBank (AWB strains Chahgeer, Juyom and Bushehr) confirmed that AWB phytoplasmas collected from Bafg, Ardakan, Bahabad and Herat (Yazd province), Nikshahr (Sistan-Baluchestan), Bam, Zarand, Jiroft (Kerman province), Bushehr (Bushehr province), Tabas (South Khorasan province), Jowkar (Hamedan province) and Zardenjan (Esfahan province) cluster with phytoplasma strains enclosed in the 16SrII-D subgroup, while AWB strains from Chahgeer (Yazd province) and Juyom (Fars province) cluster with phytoplasma strains in the 16SrII-C subgroup. Based on these results the predominant strains of 16SrII phytoplasmas associated with AWB disease in Iran were classified in the 16SrII-D subgroup. In Ashkezar and Abarkouh in Yazd province entire alfalfa farm was infected with witches' broom disease. In 3 year alfalfa stands in Ashkezar alfalfa farms were plowed due to high incidence of the disease.

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“…The most internationally prevalent is Alfalfa witches’ broom (AWB)10. The stolbur phytoplasma has been reported from lucerne in Italy11 and Serbia12, littleleaf phytoplasma from India13 and aster yellows phytoplasma from the USA14, as well as being implicated as a reservoir for canola yellows phytoplasma15. Because these have long been known by common disease symptom names, and 16S rRNA subgroups are a more recent advance in nomenclature, there is no clear cut correspondence between these names and subgroups.…”

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confidence: 99%

Expanding and exploring the diversity of phytoplasmas from lucerne (Medicago sativa)

Gopurenko

Fletcher

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Phytoplasmas are a group of insect-vectored bacteria responsible for disease in many plant species worldwide. Among the crop species affected is the economically valuable forage species lucerne. Here we provide comprehensive molecular evidence for infection in multiple lucerne plants by a phytoplasma not previously known from this plant species. This phytoplasma had a >99% genetic similarity to an unclassified 16S rRNA subgroup previously reported as Stylosanthes little leaf from Stylosanthes spp. and was genetically and symptomatically distinct from a co-occurring but less common 16SrIIA group phytoplasma. Neighbour-joining analyses with publicly available sequence data confirmed the presence of two distinct phytoplasma lineages in the plant population. No PCR detections were made among 38 individuals of 12 co-occurring weed species. Sequence analysis revealed that all nine PCR detections from among 106 individuals of five Hemiptera insect species from the site, three of which had previously been reported as likely vectors, were false positives. This study demonstrates the importance of sequencing to complement PCR detection and avoid potentially inaccurate conclusions regarding vectors, highlights that sampling over a wide spatio-temporal scale is important for vector and alternative host studies, and extends to eight the number of phytoplasma 16 Sr groups known from lucerne.

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Detection and Identification of Two Phytoplasmas (16SrIII‐B and 16SrXII‐A) From Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Serbia

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization of phytoplasmas related to peanut witches’-broom and stolbur groups associated with alfalfa diseases in Iran

Characterization of phytoplasmas related to peanut witches’-broom and stolbur groups associated with alfalfa diseases in Iran

Characterization of 16SrII group phytoplasmas associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) witches’ broom disease in diverse areas of Iran

Expanding and exploring the diversity of phytoplasmas from lucerne (Medicago sativa)

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