Detection and Identification of an Elm Yellows Group Phytoplasma Associated with Camellia in China

Gao, Ying; Dong, Yu‐Zhu; Tan, Wei‐Ping; Sun, Guo‐Zhen; Zhu, You‐Rong; Zhu, Xiaoping

doi:10.1111/jph.12354

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…González et al [ 55 ] used TEM to observe maize bushy stunt phytoplasma within its plant host and insect vector. TEM also was applied to detect the phytoplasma associated with sunflower phyllody in India [ 56 ] and for elm yellows group phytoplasma that is associated with camellia in China [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of a new phytoplasmas subgroup 16SrII-W associated with Crotalaria witches’ broom diseases in Oman based on multigene sequence analysis

et al. 2017

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Background Crotalaria aegyptiaca, a low shrub is commonly observed in the sandy soils of wadis desert and is found throughout all regions in Oman. A survey for phytoplasma diseases was conducted. During a survey in a wild area in the northern regions of Oman in 2015, typical symptoms of phytoplasma infection were observed on C. aegyptiaca plants. The infected plants showed an excessive proliferation of their shoots and small leaves.ResultsThe presence of phytoplasma in the phloem tissue of symptomatic C. aegyptiaca leaf samples was confirmed by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In addition the extracted DNA from symptomatic C. aegyptiaca leaf samples and Orosius sp. leafhoppers were tested by PCR using phytoplasma specific primers for the 16S rDNA, secA, tuf and imp, and SAP11 genes. The PCR amplifications from all samples yielded the expected products, but not from asymptomatic plant samples. Sequence similarity and phylogenetic tree analyses of four genes (16S rDNA, secA, tuf and imp) showed that Crotalaria witches’ broom phytoplasmas from Oman is placed with the clade of Peanut WB (16SrII) close to Fava bean phyllody (16SrII-C), Cotton phyllody and phytoplasmas (16SrII-F), and Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ (16SrII-B). However, the Crotalaria’s phytoplasma was in a separate sub-clade from all the other phytoplasmas belonging to Peanut WB group. The combination of specific primers for the SAP11 gene of 16SrII-A, −B, and -D subgroup pytoplasmas were tested against Crotalaria witches’ broom phytoplasmas and no PCR product was amplified, which suggests that the SAP11 of Crotalaria phytoplasma is different from the SAP11 of the other phytoplasmas.ConclusionWe propose to assign the Crotalaria witches’ broom from Oman in a new lineage 16SrII-W subgroup depending on the sequences analysis of 16S rRNA, secA, imp, tuf, and SAP11 genes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of phytoplasmas of the 16SrII group infecting C. aegyptiaca worldwide.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-017-1130-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of a new phytoplasmas subgroup 16SrII-W associated with Crotalaria witches’ broom diseases in Oman based on multigene sequence analysis

et al. 2017

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“…Tomato yellowing disease caused by a 16SrII-A phytoplasma was first reported in Yunnan Province in 2011 (Dong et al, 2013). In 2012, the camellia yellow flower disease caused by a 16SrV-B subgroup phytoplasma was first reported in Taian, Shandong, China (Gao et al, 2015). Reed witches' -broom disease was first reported in China in 2013 (Li et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diversity, Distribution and Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in China

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Phytoplasmas are important prokaryotic pathogenic bacteria without cell walls, which were formerly known as mycoplasma-like organisms, and belong to the Mollicutes class, Candidatus Phytoplasma genus. They are widely distributed in plants and insects, and can cause serious diseases in important food crops, vegetables, fruit trees, ornamental plants and trees, resulting in huge economic losses. To date, more than 100 phytoplasma diseases have been reported in China, which are distributed throughout the country. Jujube witches'-broom, paulownia witches'-broom, wheat blue dwarf, banana bunchy top, sugarcane white leaf, rice orange leaf and mulberry dwarf represent the phytoplasma diseases causing the most serious damage in China. New phytoplasma diseases and their strains are being reported continuously, indicating that phytoplasmas are more diverse than previously thought. Phytoplasmas are mainly transmitted by insect vectors, such as leafhopper and planthopper, and can also be spread by grafting or Cuscuta australis (known as dodder). Mixed infections of phytoplasmas and viruses, bacteria, and spiroplasmas have also become a serious problem in several crops and are responsible for more synergistic losses. With the continuous development and improvement of technology, molecular biological detection has become the main technique for phytoplasma detection and identification. Currently, research on phytoplasma diseases in China mainly focuses on pathogen identification and classification, and insect vector and host diversity; however, there is less focus on pathogenicity, comparative genomics, and effect factors. More research attention has been paid to wheat blue dwarf phytoplasma, paulownia witches'-broom phytoplasma, jujube witches'-broom phytoplasma, and sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma. Other phytoplasma diseases have been reported; however, there have been no in-depth studies. In this paper, the history and present situation of phytoplasma research, and the status, distribution, and diversity of phytoplasma diseases are summarized, and some possible research directions of phytoplasma in the future in China are proposed.

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“…Sect. Chrysantha Chang represents a rare and coveted genetic germplasm resource crucial for cultivating yellow Camellia , exhibiting a diverse spectrum of yellow tones petals ( Gao et al, 2014 ; Tang et al, 2006 ). Currently, Zhou et al (2017) have elucidated the co-expressed network responsible for the carotenoid pathway of C. nitidissima .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolome and transcriptome integration reveals insights into petals coloration mechanism of three species in Sect. Chrysantha chang

Yan,

Wang,

Wen

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background Sect. Chrysantha Chang, belonging to the Camellia genus, is one of the rare and precious ornamental plants distinguished by a distinctive array of yellow-toned petals. However, the variation mechanisms of petal color in Sect. Chrysantha Chang remains largely unclear. Methods We conducted an integrated analysis of metabolome and transcriptome to reveal petal coloration mechanism in three species, which have different yellow tones petals, including C. chuongtsoensis (CZ, golden yellow), C. achrysantha (ZD, light yellow), and C. parvipetala (XB, milk white). Results A total of 356 flavonoid metabolites were detected, and 295 differential metabolites were screened. The contents of 74 differential metabolites showed an upward trend and 19 metabolites showed a downward trend, among which 11 metabolites were annotated to the KEGG pathway database. We speculated that 10 metabolites were closely related to the deepening of the yellowness. Transcriptome analysis indicated that there were 2,948, 14,018 and 13,366 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CZ vs. ZD, CZ vs. XB and ZD vs. XB, respectively. Six key structural genes (CcCHI, CcFLS, CcDFR1, CcDFR2, CcDFR3, and CcCYP75B1) and five candidate transcription factors (MYB22, MYB28, MYB17, EREBP9, and EREBP13) were involved in the regulation of flavonoid metabolites. The findings indicate that flavonoid compounds influence the color intensity of yellow-toned petals in Sect. Chrysantha Chang. Our results provide a new perspective on the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color variation and present potential candidate genes for Camellia breeding.

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Detection and Identification of an Elm Yellows Group Phytoplasma Associated with Camellia in China

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Classification of a new phytoplasmas subgroup 16SrII-W associated with Crotalaria witches’ broom diseases in Oman based on multigene sequence analysis

Classification of a new phytoplasmas subgroup 16SrII-W associated with Crotalaria witches’ broom diseases in Oman based on multigene sequence analysis

The Diversity, Distribution and Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in China

Metabolome and transcriptome integration reveals insights into petals coloration mechanism of three species in Sect. Chrysantha chang

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