Detection and Genome Analysis of a Lineage III Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus in Kenya in 2011

Dundon, William G.; Kihu, Simon M; Gitao, George C.; Bebora, L. C.; John, Njenga M; Oyugi, Julius; Loitsch, Angelika; Diallo, Adama

doi:10.1111/tbed.12374

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Many of the characteristics previously identified in other PPRV proteins were seen in Benin/10/2011 and Benin/B1/1969 (Dundon et al., ,b, , ). These include the nuclear export signal (4‐LLKSLALF‐11) and nuclear localization signal (70‐TGVMISML‐77) motifs involved in the transport of the N protein to the nucleus of the host cell, putative N protein phosphorylation sites, a tyrosine residue at position 110 of the V protein, known to be involved in specific binding of the signal transducer and activator of transcription I (STAT1) in MV and canine distemper virus (CDV), and the F protein cleavage site (GRRTRR) and potential glycosylation sites (NLS 25–27, NIT 57–59 and NCT 63–65).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Benin: Persistence of a Single Virus Genotype in the Country for Over 42 Years

Adombi

Waqas

Dundon

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious and often fatal disease affecting sheep and goats. Currently, it is endemic in Africa, the Middle and Near East, the Indian subcontinent and China. Understanding the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PPR virus (PPRV) can assist in the control of the transboundary spread of this economically important disease. We isolated PPRV from pathological and swab samples collected 42 years apart (1969 and 2011) in Benin, West Africa, and sequenced the full genome of two isolates (Benin/B1/1969 and Benin/10/2011). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the characterized isolates clustered within viral lineage II and that the 2011 isolates fell into two distinct subgroups. Comparison of the full genome sequences revealed a 95.3% identity at the nucleotide level, while at the protein level, the matrix protein was the most conserved between the two viruses with an identity of 99.7% and only one amino acid substitution over the 42-year sampling period. An analysis of specific amino acid residues of known or putative function did not identify any significant changes between the two viruses. A molecular clock analysis of complete PPRV genomes revealed that the lineage II viruses sampled here arose in the early 1960s and that these viruses have likely persisted in Benin since this time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Benin: Persistence of a Single Virus Genotype in the Country for Over 42 Years

Adombi

Waqas

Dundon

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The initial introduction of PPR into Kenya's Turkana region in 2006 was confirmed and reported to the OIE in 2007 (OIE WAHIS). There is no molecular epidemiological investigation reported in the literature that allows one to conclusively determine the lineage of the virus of this initial introduction in 2006, although in 2012 a study reported that viruses circulating in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya were all of the same origin and were Lineage III (Dundon et al., ). This 2006/2007 event occurred simultaneously with multiple social and political events that resulted in the movement of people into Northwest Kenya, leading to an increased demand for food and thus the movement of livestock (UNHCR Kenya Global Report, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2011, a study by Dundon et al. () sampled goats from Turkana County (the origin of the PPRV outbreak) in Kenya. These samples were sequenced and shown to belong to lineage III.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phylogenetics of the PPRV were not closely monitored during the time of the initial outbreaks in Kenya and Uganda; however, since 2010, studies have shown that East Africa is home to lineage III and IV (Banyard et al, 2010). In 2011, a study by Dundon et al (2015) sampled goats from Turkana County (the origin of the PPRV outbreak) in Kenya. These samples were sequenced and shown to belong to lineage III.…”

Section: Phylogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The socioeconomic factors surrounding the initial emergence of peste des petits ruminants in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania from 2006 through 2008

Spiegel

Havas

2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Summary Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a devastating disease of small ruminants that significantly hinders productivity in endemic areas. Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania reported their first cases in each country between 2006 and 2008 despite the disease being present in the region (Ethiopia and Sudan) since the 1990s. The time leading up to the outbreaks involved refugee movements, drought, civil unrest, and resulted in increased animal mingling, movement and density in these regions. Refugee camps with animal source food demands and a robust informal economy further added to the development of animal mingling and movement as well. Once introduced, common pastoral migration lands and trade routes likely transported the disease throughout the region. This paper highlights why trade routes, refugee camps and areas of animal crowding during droughts should be targeted for interventions, monitoring and surveillance as part of PPR control in a region.

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“…Primary PPRV H and F cDNAs were amplified from viral RNA. PPRV containing supernatants from cultures of PPRV isolates Senegal 1969 [26] (lineage I), Benin 2010 [27] (lineage II), Kenya 2011 [28] (lineage III) and Ethiopia 2010 (lineage IV, Joint FAO/IAEA PPRV Bank, Seibersdorf, Austria) were mixed with RLT lysis buffer (QIAgen) and RNA prepared as per manufacturer’s instructions using a QIAamp Viral RNA Mini kit (QIAgen). This RNA was then used to prepare first strand cDNA (Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit, Roche) and used as a template in PCR reactions using Q5 high fidelity DNA polymerase (see Supplementary Methods for details of primers).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced immunosurveillance for animal morbilliviruses using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotypes

Logan

Dundon

Diallo

et al. 2016

Vaccine

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The measurement of virus-specific neutralising antibodies represents the “gold-standard” for diagnostic serology. For animal morbilliviruses, such as peste des petits ruminants (PPRV) or rinderpest virus (RPV), live virus-based neutralisation tests require high-level biocontainment to prevent the accidental escape of the infectious agents. In this study, we describe the adaptation of a replication-defective vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVΔG) based pseudotyping system for the measurement of neutralising antibodies against animal morbilliviruses. By expressing the haemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins of PPRV on VSVΔG pseudotypes bearing a luciferase marker gene, neutralising antibody titres could be measured rapidly and with high sensitivity. Serological responses against the four distinct lineages of PPRV could be measured simultaneously and cross-neutralising responses against other morbilliviruses compared. Using this approach, we observed that titres of neutralising antibodies induced by vaccination with live attenuated PPRV were lower than those induced by wild type virus infection and the level of cross-lineage neutralisation varied between vaccinates. By comparing neutralising responses from animals infected with either PPRV or RPV, we found that responses were highest against the homologous virus, indicating that retrospective analyses of serum samples could be used to confirm the nature of the original pathogen to which an animal had been exposed. Accordingly, when screening sera from domestic livestock and wild ruminants in Tanzania, we detected evidence of cross-species infection with PPRV, canine distemper virus (CDV) and a RPV-related bovine morbillivirus, suggesting that exposure to animal morbilliviruses may be more widespread than indicated previously using existing diagnostic techniques.

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Detection and Genome Analysis of a Lineage III Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus in Kenya in 2011

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Benin: Persistence of a Single Virus Genotype in the Country for Over 42 Years

Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Benin: Persistence of a Single Virus Genotype in the Country for Over 42 Years

The socioeconomic factors surrounding the initial emergence of peste des petits ruminants in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania from 2006 through 2008

Enhanced immunosurveillance for animal morbilliviruses using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotypes

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