Detection and Estimation of Nerve Gases by Fluorescence Reaction

Gehauf, Bernard.; Goldenson, Jerome

doi:10.1021/ac60122a029

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Nerve agents, a class of phosphorus‐containing organic chemicals that disrupt the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs, have been studied extensively due to their rapid and severe effects on human‐ and animal‐health systems 3. Up to now, many detection methods for nerve agents have been developed based on fluorogenic, colorimetric, and enzymatic methods 4, 5. Nevertheless, these methods suffer from some limitations, such as slow response, lack of specificity, limited selectivity, low sensitivity, difficulties in real‐time monitoring, and water solubility 4, 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mesoporous, Silica‐Immobilized‐Nanoparticle Colorimetric Chemosensor for the Detection of Nerve Agents

Kim

Lee

et al. 2011

Adv Funct Materials

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A new and an easy‐to‐make colorimetric azo‐pyridine, 1, and its recyclable mesoporous silica‐immobilized nanoparticles for nerve‐agent detection are synthesized. The binding site, comprising an azo‐pyridine moiety, is capable of selectively sensing diethylchlorophosphate (DCP), one of the nerve‐agent mimics of chemical‐warfare agents, over a series of other phosphate compounds. Compound 1 shows ratiometric changes in absorption spectroscopy to the extent of a 60 nm red‐shift upon the addition of DCP, mainly due to a change in the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in 1. The color change of receptor 1 from yellow to red in the concentration region ≈1.0 × 10−6 M is sufficient for the selective detection of the DCP nerve‐agent mimic by the naked eye. With regards to solid‐phase application, mesoporous silica nanoparticles using 1 (MSIAP) are also prepared using a sol‐gel grafting reaction. The color of the MSIAP also changes from red to yellow when dipped into an aqueous DCP solution, and turns back to red when treated with NaOH solution, with nontoxic diethylphosphoric acid being given off. The absorption changes of MSIAP in the presence of DCP are consistent within the 3–9 pH range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mesoporous, Silica‐Immobilized‐Nanoparticle Colorimetric Chemosensor for the Detection of Nerve Agents

Kim

Lee

et al. 2011

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Gehauf and Goldenson developed a fluorescent assay for organophosphonates using indole and sodium perborate [53]. The indole is oxidized in the presence of perborate and organophosphonates to produce indoxyl, a fluorescent precursor to indigo, that emits light between 460-490 nm when excited at 365 nm.…”

Section: Derivatization and Other Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Methods Applied to the Detection of Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents

Giordano¹,

Collins²

2007

COC

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Recent events as they relate to the war on terror make it abundantly clear that the rapid detection of chemical warfare nerve agents is essential. While the detection of these agents clearly falls into the purview of the analytical chemist, the importance of the organic chemist in the development of new techniques or approaches remains intact. This review serves to introduce the reader to a number of methods for detecting nerve agents with a focus on those techniques which rely on synthetic chemistry to improve overall performance with respect to selectivity, sensitivity and analysis time.

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“…In certain modified reactions, the amine is replaced by a precursor of a chemiluminescent compound (e.g., luminol) (5) or a fluorescent compound (e.g., indole). (6) The colorimetric variant of the Schoenemann reaction has been applied to many kits using detection tubes or detection pads.…”

Section: The Schoenemann Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Murray

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Spurred by recent events, there is an ever‐growing interest in the detection of hazardous chemicals in both military and civilian contexts. The threat of chemical weapons has spread from the battlefield to cities and towns due to the threat of international terrorism. Detection of hazardous chemicals and now chemical weapons is a requirement for first responders of all sorts. While a plethora of devices and materials exist, they all have certain inherent weaknesses and no one device can be relied upon to give an unambiguous response. As usual in chemical detection, two orthogonal methods give a much higher confidence than does any single method. This article identifies hazardous chemicals identified by the Chemical Weapons Convention and provides a description of materials and devices for sensing and responding to chemical agent contamination and releases. It comparatively evaluates current and near‐term sensor options for detecting the most likely current threats. It also identifies sensor technologies that may be capable of responding to a wider range of substances (e.g., hazardous industrial chemicals and new chemical warfare agents) to provide options for coping with new threats as they develop. Previous research results on the principal background contaminants that have the potential of introducing unwanted false alarms in chemical agent detection systems are collated, and techniques that may be capable of reducing the impact of toxic material releases are suggested.

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Detection and Estimation of Nerve Gases by Fluorescence Reaction

Cited by 58 publications

References 1 publication

A Mesoporous, Silica‐Immobilized‐Nanoparticle Colorimetric Chemosensor for the Detection of Nerve Agents

A Mesoporous, Silica‐Immobilized‐Nanoparticle Colorimetric Chemosensor for the Detection of Nerve Agents

Synthetic Methods Applied to the Detection of Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents

Detection and Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

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