Detection and diagnosis of lethal yellowing

Harrison, N. A.; Cordova, Ivan; Richardson, Patricia A.; Dibonito, R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9283-3_13

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The relative ease of detecting phytoplasmas has lead one researcher to quip that “LY can arise spontaneously, anywhere in the world, whenever a phytopathologist appears with a PCR machine” (Harries, 2002). When sampling for phytoplasmas, Harrison et al (1999) found that testing the immature leaves from around the apical meristem, which is rich in phloem, is the most reliable source of phytoplasma detection in palms. However, once palms are symptomatic, PCR testing of the phloem from the palm trunk (drilling a hole 10–15 cm into the trunk) is a non-destructive method of successful phytoplasma detection (Harrison et al, 2002b).…”

Section: Lethal Yellows Disease Pathosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coconut Lethal Yellowing Diseases: A Phytoplasma Threat to Palms of Global Economic and Social Significance

et al. 2016

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The recent discovery of Bogia coconut syndrome in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is the first report of a lethal yellowing disease (LYD) in Oceania. Numerous outbreaks of LYDs of coconut have been recorded in the Caribbean and Africa since the late Nineteenth century and have caused the death of millions of palms across several continents during the Twentieth century. Despite the severity of economic losses, it was only in the 1970s that the causes of LYDs were identified as phytoplasmas, a group of insect-transmitted bacteria associated with diseases in many other economically important crop species. Since the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, knowledge of LYDs epidemiology, ecology and vectors has grown rapidly. There is no economically viable treatment for LYDs and vector-based management is hampered by the fact that vectors have been positively identified in very few cases despite many attempted transmission trials. Some varieties and hybrids of coconut palm are known to be less susceptible to LYD but none are completely resistant. Optimal and current management of LYD is through strict quarantine, prompt detection and destruction of symptomatic palms, and replanting with less susceptible varieties or crop species. Advances in technology such as loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection and tracking of phytoplasma DNA in plants and insects, remote sensing for identifying symptomatic palms, and the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based tools for gene editing and plant breeding are likely to allow rapid progress in taxonomy as well as understanding and managing LYD phytoplasma pathosystems.

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Section: Lethal Yellows Disease Pathosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coconut Lethal Yellowing Diseases: A Phytoplasma Threat to Palms of Global Economic and Social Significance

et al. 2016

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“…At moderate stringency, all probes hybridized with DNA of other phytoplasmas that occur in Florida. Probes have been used successfully to identify the LY agent in the non-palm host Pandanus utilis and to assess genetic variation among the pathogen infecting 11 ornamental palm species in Florida (Harrison et al 1999). Probes also hybridized to DNA from symptomatic Caryota rumphiana and L. rotundifolia, two palm species previously not known to be affected by LY disease (McCoy et al 1983.…”

Section: Development and Utility Of Molecular Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coconut and other palm trees

Rodriguez¹,

Hanold

Morin³

et al. 2003

Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries

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“…It is suspected to be associated with a phytoplasma related to, but distinct from, the coconut lethal yellowing (LY) group (16SrIV)1 though causality has not been demonstrated. Lethal yellowing (LY) is a devastating phytoplasma-associated disease of coconut and other palm species, At least 40 species of palms are affected globally234. Coconut palms ( Cocos nucifera ) showing a progression of LY-like symptoms starting with premature nut fall, then leaflet yellowing and necrosis, frond collapse and finally palm death were first identified in 20085.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Phytoplasmas are prokaryote plant pathogens of the class Mollicutes, discovered in 1967 and named mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs)1314. This relatively late discovery, and ongoing challenges in their study, stems from the fact that they cannot be cultured in vitro in cell-free media261516. These phloem-limited plant pathogens are chiefly transmitted by phloem-feeding hemipteran insects1718.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining putative vectors of the Bogia Coconut Syndrome phytoplasma using loop-mediated isothermal amplification of single-insect feeding media

Wilson

Ash

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Phytoplasmas are insect vectored mollicutes responsible for disease in many economically important crops. Determining which insect species are vectors of a given phytoplasma is important for managing disease but is methodologically challenging because disease-free plants need to be exposed to large numbers of insects, often over many months. A relatively new method to detect likely transmission involves molecular testing for phytoplasma DNA in sucrose solution that insects have fed upon. In this study we combined this feeding medium method with a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to study 627 insect specimens of 11 Hemiptera taxa sampled from sites in Papua New Guinea affected by Bogia coconut syndrome (BCS). The LAMP assay detected phytoplasma DNA from the feeding solution and head tissue of insects from six taxa belonging to four families: Derbidae, Lophopidae, Flatidae and Ricaniidae. Two other taxa yielded positives only from the heads and the remainder tested negative. These results demonstrate the utility of combining single-insect feeding medium tests with LAMP assays to identify putative vectors that can be the subject of transmission tests and to better understand phytoplasma pathosystems.

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Detection and diagnosis of lethal yellowing

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Coconut Lethal Yellowing Diseases: A Phytoplasma Threat to Palms of Global Economic and Social Significance

Coconut Lethal Yellowing Diseases: A Phytoplasma Threat to Palms of Global Economic and Social Significance

Coconut and other palm trees

Determining putative vectors of the Bogia Coconut Syndrome phytoplasma using loop-mediated isothermal amplification of single-insect feeding media

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