Detection and characterization of zoonotic pathogens of free-ranging non-human primates from Zambia

Nakayima, Jesca; Hayashida, Kentaro; Ishii, Akihiro; Ogawa, Hirohito; Nakamura, Ichiro; Moonga, Ladslav; Hang’ombe, Bernard M.; Mweene, Aaron S.; Thomas, Yuka; Orba, Yasuko; Sugimoto, Chihiro

doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0490-x

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…[22,26,27,28,43,44,45,46,47]; 13 reporting on Coxiella burnetii [23,24,25,39,40,41,48,49,50,51,52,53,54]; five on Mycobacterium bovis [42,55,56,57,58]; eight on Rickettsia spp. [25,53,54,59,60,61,62,63]; five reporting on Anaplasma spp. [53,63,64,65,66]; two each on Bartonella spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

2019

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Zoonoses present a major public health threat and are estimated to account for a substantial part of the infectious disease burden in low-income countries. The severity of zoonotic diseases is compounded by factors such as poverty, living in close contact with livestock and wildlife, immunosuppression as well as coinfection with other diseases. The interconnections between humans, animals and the environment are essential to understand the spread and subsequent containment of zoonoses. We searched three scientific databases for articles relevant to the epidemiology of bacterial zoonoses/zoonotic bacterial pathogens, including disease prevalence and control measures in humans and multiple animal species, in various African countries within the period from 2008 to 2018. The review identified 1966 articles, of which 58 studies in 29 countries met the quality criteria for data extraction. The prevalence of brucellosis, leptospirosis, Q fever ranged from 0–40%, 1.1–24% and 0.9–28.2%, respectively, depending on geographical location and even higher in suspected outbreak cases. Risk factors for human zoonotic infection included exposure to livestock and animal slaughters. Dietary factors linked with seropositivity were found to include consumption of raw milk and locally fermented milk products. It was found that zoonoses such as leptospirosis, brucellosis, Q fever and rickettsiosis among others are frequently under/misdiagnosed in febrile patients seeking treatment at healthcare centres, leading to overdiagnoses of more familiar febrile conditions such as malaria and typhoid fever. The interactions at the human–animal interface contribute substantially to zoonotic infections. Seroprevalence of the various zoonoses varies by geographic location and species. There is a need to build laboratory capacity and effective surveillance processes for timely and effective detection and control of zoonoses in Africa. A multifaceted ‘One Health’ approach to tackle zoonoses is critical in the fight against zoonotic diseases. The impacts of zoonoses include: (1) Humans are always in contact with animals including livestock and zoonoses are causing serious life-threatening infections in humans. Almost 75% of the recent major global disease outbreaks have a zoonotic origin. (2) Zoonoses are a global health challenge represented either by well-known or newly emerging zoonotic diseases. (3) Zoonoses are caused by all-known cellular (bacteria, fungi and parasites) and noncellular (viruses or prions) pathogens. (4) There are limited data on zoonotic diseases from Africa. The fact that human health and animal health are inextricably linked, global coordinated and well-established interdisciplinary research efforts are essential to successfully fight and reduce the health burden due to zoonoses. This critically requires integrated data from both humans and animals on zoonotic diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25,53,54,59,60,61,62,63]; five reporting on Anaplasma spp. [53,63,64,65,66]; two each on Bartonella spp. [67,68] and Borrelia spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

2019

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“…Tamaki et al [23] reported 16.7% seroprevalence for antibodies against Rickettsia conorii in humans despite cross-reactivity of spotted fever group rickettsia and R. felis on serology having been documented [24], hence possibility of misdiagnosing some closely related species cannot be excluded. Later Nakayima et al [25] found molecular evidence of spotted fever group rickettsiae closely related to Rickettsia africae (the causative agent for African tick bite fever) in free-ranging non-human primates in Mambwe District near Luangwa National Park, Zambia. With the endemic cases of malaria [26] little attention has been given to other pathogens that cause febrile illness, hence possibilities of misdiagnosis could be high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Rickettsia felis in dogs, rodents and cat fleas in Zambia

et al. 2019

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Background Flea-borne spotted fever is a zoonosis caused by Rickettsia felis , a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium. The disease has a worldwide distribution including western and eastern sub-Saharan Africa where it is associated with febrile illness in humans. However, epidemiology and the public health risks it poses remain neglected especially in developing countries including Zambia. While Ctenocephalides felis (cat fleas) has been suggested to be the main vector, other arthropods including mosquitoes have been implicated in transmission and maintenance of the pathogen; however, their role in the epidemiological cycle remains to be elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect and characterize R. felis from animal hosts and blood-sucking arthropod vectors in Zambia. Methods Dog blood and rodent tissue samples as well as cat fleas and mosquitoes were collected from various areas in Zambia. DNA was extracted and screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting genus Rickettsia and amplicons subjected to sequence analysis. Positive samples were further subjected to R. felis -specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Results Rickettsia felis was detected in 4.7% (7/150) of dog blood samples and in 11.3% (12/106) of rodent tissue samples tested by PCR; this species was also detected in 3.7% (2/53) of cat fleas infesting dogs, co-infected with Rickettsia asembonensis . Furthermore, 37.7% (20/53) of cat flea samples tested positive for R. asembonensis , a member of spotted fever group rickettsiae of unknown pathogenicity. All the mosquitoes tested ( n = 190 pools) were negative for Rickettsia spp. Conclusions These observations suggest that R. felis is circulating among domestic dogs and cat fleas as well as rodents in Zambia, posing a potential public health risk to humans. This is because R. felis , a known human pathogen is present in hosts and vectors sharing habitat with humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3435-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…These efforts have revealed more than 800 novel viruses and have contributed to an extensive database of zoonotic pathogens (Epstein and Anthony, 2017). Other studies have focused on diverse parasite types across hosts, including Chagas-like trypanosomes in bats (Dario et al, 2017), Babesia and Rickettsial pathogens in nonhuman primates (Nakayima et al, 2014), and pathogenic bacteria in urban mice (Williams et al, 2018).…”

Section: Host-specific Surveillance For Eidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Sequencing for Understanding the Ecology of Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Wildlife-Human Interface

2019

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Rising rates of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) demand creative, efficient, and integrative investigations to understand their transmission, ecological contingencies, and dynamics at wildlife-human interfaces. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) methodologies provide enormous potential to unravel these contingencies to improve our understanding, but their potential is only just starting to be realized. While recent work has largely focused on novel pathogen discovery at likely interfaces, high-throughput methods can also allow disease ecologists to better explore the critical effects of climate, seasonality, and land-use changes on EIDs. HTS can facilitate the creation of entire host-pathogen networks, integrate important microbiome and co-infection data, and even pinpoint important exposure routes at interfaces through environmental media. Here we highlight studies at the frontier of HTS and disease ecology research, identify current limitations, and outline promising future applications for EIDs.

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Detection and characterization of zoonotic pathogens of free-ranging non-human primates from Zambia

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

Molecular detection of Rickettsia felis in dogs, rodents and cat fleas in Zambia

High-Throughput Sequencing for Understanding the Ecology of Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Wildlife-Human Interface

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