Detection and characterization of porcine caliciviruses in Italy

Bartolo, Ilaria Di; Tofani, Silvia; Angeloni, Giorgia; Ponterio, Eleonora; Ostanello, Fabio; Ruggeri, Franco Maria

doi:10.1007/s00705-014-2076-5

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The lack of infections with norovirus in this study suggests that NoV is scarcely spread among pigs, at least in Italy, as has been reported in previous studies [45,46]. However, varying degrees of NoV circulation among pigs have been found in different countries [17,47,48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Detection and molecular characterization of zoonotic viruses in swine fecal samples in Italian pig herds

et al. 2015

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Gastrointestinal disease is frequent in pigs, and among the different etiological agents involved, viruses are considered the leading cause of infection in this animal species. Furthermore, about half of the newly identified swine pathogens are viruses, many of which may be transmitted to humans by direct contact or by indirect transmission pathways. In this study, the prevalence of astrovirus (AstV), group A rotavirus (RVA), norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in pigs was investigated. During 2012-2014, 242 fecal samples were collected from pigs at different production stages (5 to 220 days old) on eight swine farms located in northern, central and southern Italy. Seven out of eight farms analyzed were positive for AstV, which was detected in 163 out of 242 (67.4%) samples and was the most prevalent virus; 61 of the 163 AstV-positive animals (37.4%) had diarrhea. HEV was detected on six farms and in 45 (18.6%) of the 242 samples analyzed. Twenty-three HEV-infected pigs had diarrhea (51.1%). A lower prevalence was observed for RVA, which was found in 10 of the 242 samples (4.1%) from three positive farms, and diarrhea was present only in six infected pigs (60.0%). No swine samples were found to be positive for NoV. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of some strains representative of the different viruses detected were investigated, confirming a wide heterogeneity of viral strains circulating among pigs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Detection and molecular characterization of zoonotic viruses in swine fecal samples in Italian pig herds

et al. 2015

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“…Sapoviruses are 35 nm sized non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 7.3 kb in length. The genome is composed of two open reading frames ( ORF ) where ORF1 encodes the non-structural proteins and the major capsid protein, VP1, whereas ORF2 encodes the minor structural protein VP2 [ 15 , 16 ]. Based on the complete capsid gene sequences sapoviruses are divided into seven genogroups ( GI - GVII ) [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated examination of natural sapovirus infections in pig litters raised under experimental conditions

et al. 2015

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BackgroundPorcine sapovirus, belonging to the family Caliciviridae, is an enteric virus that is widespread in the swine industry worldwide. A total of 14 sapovirus genogroups have been suggested and the most commonly found genogroup in swine is genogroup III (GIII). The goal of the present experiment was to examine the presence of sapovirus in 51 naturally infected pigs at two different time points. The pigs were kept under experimental conditions after weaning. Previous studies on sapovirus have primarily been of a cross sectional nature, typically prevalence studies performed on farms and abattoirs. In the present study, faecal samples, collected from each pig at 5½ weeks and 15–18 weeks of age, were analysed for sapovirus by reverse transciptase polymerase chain reaction and positive findings were genotyped by sequencing.ResultsAt 5½ weeks of age, sapovirus was detected in the majority of the pigs. Sequencing revealed four different strains in the 5½ week olds—belonging to genogroups GIII and GVII. Ten to 13 weeks later, the virus was no longer detectable from stools of infected pigs. However, at this time point 13 pigs were infected with another GIII sapovirus strain not previously detected in the pigs studied. This GIII strain was only found in pigs that, in the initial samples, were virus-negative or positive for GVII.ConclusionsAt 5 weeks of age 74 % of the pigs were infected with sapovirus. At 15–18 weeks of age all pigs had cleared their initial infection, but a new sapovirus GIII strain was detected in 25 % of the pigs. None of the pigs initially infected with the first GIII strain were reinfected with this new GIII strain, which may indicate the presence of a genogroup-specific immunity.

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“…Up to date, the only detection of NoV in swine reported in Italy resulted from a retrospective analysis on archived faecal samples collected in 2006, which did not disclose sample characteristics, source and geographic origin and produced merely a 300 bp of the RdRp swine NoV sequence [17]. A follow-up study attempting to identify NoVs in swine in Italy proved unsuccessful [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of two divergent swine Noroviruses detected at the slaughterhouse in North East Italy

et al. 2020

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Norovirus (NoV) has emerged as one of the major causative agents of non-bacterial, food-and water-borne gastroenteritis in humans, with the main genogroup involved in human outbreaks (GII), which has been detected worldwide in different animal species including swine. A four-month investigation at the slaughterhouse aiming to examine the presence of NoV in the swine in North-Eastern Italy, enabled the detection of two divergent Noroviruses (NoVs) (GII.P11) in two swine farms. This represents the first study in the swine population of North-Eastern Italy, which has paved the way for future integrated virological and epidemiological investigations on swine NoVs.

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Detection and characterization of porcine caliciviruses in Italy

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Detection and molecular characterization of zoonotic viruses in swine fecal samples in Italian pig herds

Detection and molecular characterization of zoonotic viruses in swine fecal samples in Italian pig herds

Repeated examination of natural sapovirus infections in pig litters raised under experimental conditions

Identification of two divergent swine Noroviruses detected at the slaughterhouse in North East Italy

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