Detection and antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureusand (MRSA) isolated from healthcare workers Nares at three Gaza hospitals, Palestine

Laham, Nahed Al

doi:10.3823/779

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…However, it was higher than the results of studies reported among janitors working in the hospital and non-hospital areas in Mekelle, Ethiopia (17.9%) [10] and Taiwan (15.3%) [14]. The overall prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in this study (4.8%) was in agreement with a study conducted in Mekelle, Ethiopia (6.25%) [10]; on the contrary, this nding was lower than the results of the studies conducted in Dessie, Ethiopia (12.7%) [15], Jimma, Ethiopia (8.4%) [12] and Gaza strips, Palestine (22.6%) [16]. But, higher than the results of the studies conducted in Taiwan (2.7%) [14] and Madagascar (1.3%) [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Janitors Working in Hospital and Non-Hospital Areas: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Abie

Tiruneh

Abebe

2020

Preprint

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Background: Nasal colonization of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays a key role in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of both healthcare-associated and community-acquired MRSA infections in various populations. Screening of MRSA nasal colonization is important in the prevention and control of infection and may provide useful information to guide antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed to determine nasal carriage of MRSA, its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors among janitors working in hospital & non-hospital areas at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in a total of 436 study participants (221 hospital and 215 non-hospital janitors) from January to May 2019. The study participants were sampled using a simple random sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors were collected through face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected and inoculated into Mannitol salt agar. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin (30µg) disc and an antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the disc diffusion method. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical package. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 101/436 (23.2%, [95% CI: 19.3-27.8], of which, 29.4% (65/221) were isolated from hospital and 16.7% (36/215) non-hospital janitors. The prevalence of MRSA was 4.8% (21/436) [95% CI: 3.0-6.9]; of these, 8.1% (18/221) of the isolates were from the hospital and 1.4% (3/215) non-hospital janitors, while MSSA in hospital & non-hospital janitors were 49 (22.2%) and 31 (14.4%), respectively. Among the MRSA isolates, 52.4% (11/21) were multi-drug resistant. Of these, 42.9% (9/18) were isolated from hospital and 66.7% (2/3) non-hospital janitors. Hence, nasal carriage of MRSA was significantly associated with hospitalization within the preceding year (AOR = 3.15, CI = 1.13-8.71).Conclusion: The present study revealed that high MSSA and MRSA were isolated from the hospital as compared to non-hospital janitors and high rates of antibiotics resistance were recorded in the hospital janitors. Consequently, hospitalizations were significantly associated with MRSA. Accordingly, regular screening of carriers in apparently healthy janitors is required for the prevention of nosocomial infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Janitors Working in Hospital and Non-Hospital Areas: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Abie

Tiruneh

Abebe

2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…However, it was higher than the results of studies reported among janitors working in the hospital and non-hospital areas in Mekelle, Ethiopia (17.9%) [10] and Taiwan (15.3%) [14]. The overall prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in this study (4.8%) was in agreement with a study conducted in Mekelle, Ethiopia (6.25%) [10]; on the contrary, this finding was lower than the results of the studies conducted in Dessie, Ethiopia (12.7%) [15], Jimma, Ethiopia (8.4%) [12] and Gaza strips, Palestine (22.6%) [16]. But, higher than the results of the studies conducted in Taiwan (2.7%) [14] and Madagascar (1.3%) [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among janitors working in hospital and non-hospital areas: a comparative cross-sectional study

Abie

Tiruneh

Abebe

2020

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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Background Nasal colonization of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays a key role in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of both healthcare-associated and community-acquired MRSA infections in various populations. Screening of MRSA nasal colonization is important in the prevention and control of infection and may provide useful information to guide antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed to determine nasal carriage of MRSA, its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors among janitors working in hospital & non-hospital areas at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in a total of 436 study participants (221 hospital and 215 non-hospital janitors) from January to May 2019. The study participants were sampled using a simple random sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors were collected through face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected and inoculated into Mannitol salt agar. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin (30 µg) disc and an antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the disc diffusion method. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical package. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 101/436 [23.2%, (95% CI: 19.3–27.8)], of which, 29.4% (65/221) were isolated from hospital and 16.7% (36/215) non-hospital janitors. The prevalence of MRSA was 4.8% (21/436) [95% CI: 3.0–6.9]; of these, 8.1% (18/221) of the isolates were from the hospital and 1.4% (3/215) non-hospital janitors, while methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) in hospital & non-hospital janitors were 49 (22.2%) and 31 (14.4%), respectively. Among the MRSA isolates, 52.4% (11/21) were multi-drug resistant. Of these, 42.9% (9/18) were isolated from hospital and 66.7% (2/3) non-hospital janitors. Hence, nasal carriage of MRSA was significantly associated with hospitalization within the preceding year (AOR = 3.15, CI = 1.13–8.71). Conclusion The present study revealed that high MSSA and MRSA were isolated from the hospital as compared to non-hospital janitors and high rates of antibiotics resistance were recorded in the hospital janitors. Consequently, hospitalizations were significantly associated with MRSA. Accordingly, regular screening of carriers in apparently healthy janitors is required for the prevention of nosocomial infections.

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“…We think that this zero resistance in this study to glycopeptides and linezolid may be due to its limited prescription and use in Gaza Strip hospitals. So, the full sensitivity to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid can work perfectly against clinical CoNS isolated in Gaza hospitals as indicated against S. aureus in recent reports from Gaza Strip [24,27]. On the other hand, a very low resistance rate was observed to tigecycline and moxifloxacin (3.7% and 8.4% respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…High resistance to the aforementioned antibiotics could be mainly due to excessive use, misuse, and great prescription of these medication in Gaza for both hospital and community acquired infections and also in agriculture and animal feeding. Moreover, the lack of an antibiotic policy and the availability of antibiotics sold without a medical doctor prescription in Palestine worsen the case [27]. In view of the high resistance rates of CoNS to these aforementioned antibiotics, treatment of infections caused by CoNS, particularly S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus at Al Shifa hospital with these antibiotics may not be effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Resistance profiles and biofilm formation of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Palestine

Laham

Elkhair²,

Bashir³

et al. 2017

int. arab. j antimicrob. agents

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Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) represent one of the major resistant nosocomial pathogens where its biofilmrelated infections often fail to respond to antibiotic chemotherapy. Here, we studied the resistance profiles and biofilm formation in CoNS isolates from clinical specimens at Al Shifa hospital in Gaza, Palestine. Methods:This study was carried out from March to July 2013 and included 81 clinical isolates. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using VITEK-2 system. The presence of nuc and mecA genes was performed using multiplex PCR. Qualitative and quantitative biofilm assays were performed using standard methods. Results:Of the 81 clinical CoNS isolates, S. haemolyticus was the most common species (34, 42%), followed by S. epidermidis (26, 32.1%) and S. saprophyticus (13, 16%). The majority of isolates (83.9%) were from surgery, ICUs, pediatrics and medicine wards and the most common source was pus (28, 34.6%). Antibiotic resistance was highest against aminoglycosides, β-lactams, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin and macrolides. Though, no resistance was detected against rifampicin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid and mupirocin. The antibiotic resistance among MR-CoNS was significantly higher than that among MS-CoNS. Nearly 88.9% of isolates were multidrug resistant with higher percentage among MRCoNS. Most S. epidermidis (76.9%) isolates were biofilm producer, with statistically significant association between methicillin resistance and biofilm production. IntroductionCoagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are now representing one of the major nosocomial pathogens and among the most frequently isolated bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratories [1][2][3][4][5]. They are responsible for bacteremia, endocarditis, mediastinitis, meningitis and progressive joint destruction mainly in patients with neutropenia, indwelling foreign devices, intravascular catheters or other foreign bodies [1,3,4]. The clinical most relevant CoNS are Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. lugdunensis, S. saprophyticus , and S. capitis [6,7].Biofilm production by CoNS, specially S. epidermidis , is considered as an important factor in the pathogenesis of implanted medical devices associated infections [1,2,8,9]. Biofilm formation takes place in four successive phases: the attachment of the bacteria to biotic or abiotic surface; the proliferation and accumulation of bacteria in multilayered cell clusters; the growth of biofilm into a thick and structured layer, and finally the detachment and circulation of single cells or cell agglomerates via the bloodstream [1,2].Many literature surveys revealed that CoNS showed high resistance against most of the commonly used therapeutic antibacterial agents including methicillin. Irrespective of geographical locations, a worldwide SENTRY study showed that, about 70-75% of CoNS are resistant to methicillin [10]. There is a significant increase in the methicillin-resistant coagulase negative st...

show abstract

Detection and antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureusand (MRSA) isolated from healthcare workers Nares at three Gaza hospitals, Palestine

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Janitors Working in Hospital and Non-Hospital Areas: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Janitors Working in Hospital and Non-Hospital Areas: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among janitors working in hospital and non-hospital areas: a comparative cross-sectional study

Resistance profiles and biofilm formation of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Palestine

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