Detection and Analysis of Surface Urban Cool Island Using Thermal Infrared Imagery of Salatiga City, Indonesia

Abstract

The detection and monitoring of the dynamics of urban micro-climatesneeds to be performedeffectively, efficiently, consistently and sustainably inan effort to improve urban resilience to suchphenomena. Thermal remote sensing posesses surface thermal energy detection capabilities which can be converted into surface temperatures and utilised to analyse the urban micro-climate phenomenon overlarge areas, short periods of time, and at low cost. This paper studies the surface urban cool island (SUCI) effect, the reverse phenomenon of the surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect, in an effort to provide cities with resistance to the urban microclimate phenomenon.The study also aims to detect urban micro-climate phenomena, and to calculate the intensity and spatial distribution of SUCI. The methods used include quantitative-descriptive analysis of remote sensing data, including LST extraction, spectral transformation, multispectral classification for land cover mapping, and statistical analysis. The results show that the urban micro-climate phenomenon in the form of SUHI in the middle of the city of Salatiga is due to the high level of building density in the area experiencing the effect, which mostly has a normal surface temperature based on the calculation of the threshold, while the relative SUCI occurs at the edge of the city. SUCI intensity in Salatiga ranges between -6.71°C and0°C and is associated with vegetation.

Analysis of landcover changes and carrying capacity of coastal cities North Java of Central Java Province, Indonesia

“…This fact is relevant to studies on sustainable agriculture in Central Java due to soil capability and the need for support regulation of physically and economically [16]. Another study showed that land cover changes to built-up areas impact the surface urban heat island in Salatiga City [17].…”

Influence of Built-up Land and Vegetation Density to Urban Cool Island in Bandung City

“…The stratified random sampling approach was used for the sampling process. The SUHI and SUCI thresholds were determined using earlier research carried out by [10] after image processing to assess the density of buildings, vegetation, and surface temperature in the city of Bandung. Then, to determine the direction of the link and its influence, regression and correlation tests were run, as described by [8] The land-use pattern surrounding a UCI, particularly proximity to hot spots or bodies of water, may influence its intensity, as context temperature has a cumulative effect.…”

“…Normal conditions or areas designated as normal are necessary to ascertain the distribution and trend of SUCI surface temperature thresholds and surface temperature readings. In the region denoted by SUCI, the equation can reach the threshold value: 𝑇 𝑆𝑈𝐶𝐼 < 𝜇 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚 + 0,5𝛼 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚 (10) Description : 𝑇 𝑆𝑈𝐶𝐼 : Surface temperature indicated by SUCI (°C) 𝜇 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚 : average surface temperature of the image under normal conditions (°C) 𝛼 𝑜𝑟𝑖 : standard deviation of image under normal condition Thus, the intensity of SUCI can be measured using a formula based on a modification of the equation found in the study. [16] :…”

“…Urban Cool Island's effectiveness is to create a balance between the environment and humans. Some studies on Urban Cool Island have been conducted in several cities in Indonesia, such as Salatiga and Yogyakarta [9,10]. Increasing the amount of green space can intensify UCI, which can lessen the likelihood that large cities will experience the UHI phenomenon.…”

Pendeteksian ISA (Impervious Surface Area) Sebagai Analisis Dampak Lingkungan di Daerah Kecamatan Sungai Raya, Kabupaten Kubu Raya

“…Satelit ini mampu mendeteksi perubahan tutupan lahan secara temporal, karena telah memiliki 9 generasi. Perubahan tutupan lahan yang terjadi di Kecamatan Sungai Raya saat masih menjadi wilayah Kabupaten Pontianak hingga menjadi ibukota Kabupaten Kubu Raya, dapat diindera dengan satelit Landsat (Dewantoro et al, 2020).…”