Detecting the Influence of Best Management Practices on Vegetation Near Ephemeral Streams With Landsat Data

Rigge, Matthew B.; Smart, Alexander J.; Wylie, Bruce K.; Kamp, Kendall de Van

doi:10.2111/rem-d-12-00185.1

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown reductions in the amount of time spent in the riparian area or stream when an OSW is available [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. After retrospectively evaluating the effects of rangeland BMP implementation on riparian areas using satellite imagery time series, Rigge et al [ 12 ] recently reported that management practices such as cross-fencing and OSW positively affected the riparian vegetation cover. Other studies have found that cattle will drink more frequently from the OSW than the stream [ 10 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-Stream Watering Systems and Partial Barriers as a Strategy to Maximize Cattle Production and Minimize Time Spent in the Riparian Area

Rawluk

Crow

Legesse

et al. 2014

Animals

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Simple SummaryThe implementation of off-stream waterers (OSW) may reduce the amount of time cattle spend in riparian areas, thus minimizing impacts such as removal of vegetation, soil compaction, and deterioration in water quality. Furthermore, when used with natural barriers as a partial exclusion method, these management strategies may offer a cost-effective alternative to completely excluding cattle via streambank fencing. This study was conducted to determine the impact of OSW and barriers on animal performance and watering behavior. The presence of OSW had no significant effect on cow and calf weights averaged over the grazing season. Although the results were not consistent over the periods and locations, the data provided some indication of the efficacy of the natural barriers on deterring cattle from the riparian area. Cattle watered at the OSW when available, but they did not use the OSW exclusively. The observed inconsistency may, in part, be attributed to the environmental conditions present during this field trial.AbstractA study was conducted in 2009 at two locations in Manitoba (Killarney and Souris), Canada to determine the impact of off-stream waterers (OSW) with or without natural barriers on (i) amount of time cattle spent in the 10 m buffer created within the riparian area, referred to as the riparian polygon (RP), (ii) watering location (OSW or stream), and (iii) animal performance measured as weight gain. This study was divided into three 28-day periods over the grazing season. At each location, the pasture—which ranged from 21.0 ha to 39.2 ha in size—was divided into three treatments: no OSW nor barriers (1CONT), OSW with barriers along the stream bank to deter cattle from watering at the stream (2BARR), and OSW without barriers (3NOBARR). Cattle in 2BARR spent less time in the RP in Periods 1 (p = 0.0002), 2 (p = 0.1116), and 3 (p < 0.0001) at the Killarney site compared to cattle in 3NOBARR at the same site. Cattle in 2BARR at the Souris site spent more time in the RP in Period 1 (p < 0.0001) and less time in Period 2 (p = 0.0002) compared to cattle in 3NOBARR. Cattle did use the OSW, but not exclusively, as watering at the stream was still observed. The observed inconsistency in the effectiveness of the natural barriers on deterring cattle from the riparian area between periods and locations may be partly attributable to the environmental conditions present during this field trial as well as difference in pasture size and the ability of the established barriers to deter cattle from using the stream as a water source. Treatment had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on cow and calf weights averaged over the summer period. These results indicate that the presence of an OSW does not create significant differences in animal performance when used in extensive pasture scenarios such as those studied within the present study. Whereas the barriers did not consistently discourage watering at the stream, the results provide some indication of the efficacy of the OSW as well as the natural barriers on...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-Stream Watering Systems and Partial Barriers as a Strategy to Maximize Cattle Production and Minimize Time Spent in the Riparian Area

Rawluk

Crow

Legesse

et al. 2014

Animals

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“…(2013) and Rigge et al. (2014) measured significant increases in NDVI in riparian areas after implementation of best management practices (BMPs), which included off‐stream watering sources, cross fencing, and rotational grazing systems but not full exclusion. Rigge et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Riparian forbs and grasses respond rapidly to reductions in livestock grazing pressure (Schulz and Leininger 1990;Dobkin et al 1998;Clary 1999;Earnst et al 2012). Productivity measured as NDVI may also have a rapid response and continue to improve with time since treatment (Rigge et al 2014;Silverman et al 2018). Bare ground is another metric that responds rapidly to treatment and continues to decrease with time (Dobkin et al 1998;Kauffman et al 2002;Bunn 2011;Krall et al 2021).…”

Section: Biologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Livestock Exclusion on Stream Habitat and Aquatic Biota: A Review and Recommendations for Implementation and Monitoring

Krall

Roni

2023

N American J Fish Manag

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To inform riparian restoration, research, and monitoring and to provide management recommendations, we reviewed published studies evaluating the physical and biological effectiveness of livestock exclusion and grazing reduction on various metrics in riparian and aquatic areas. We identified 95 North American studies that reported the effects of livestock grazing reduction on physical habitat (channel morphology, mesohabitats, substrate, and bank stability), biological assemblages (riparian vegetation, macroinvertebrates, fish, and birds), and water quality metrics (temperature, nitrates, phosphorus, and turbidity). Most studies reported that methods to reduce or exclude livestock decreased channel width, width-to-depth ratio, bank erosion, soil bulk density, bare ground, water temperature, nitrogen, and phosphorus and increased riparian vegetation (cover, height, productivity, biomass, and abundance), riparian bird abundance, and youngof-the-year fishes. Results for channel depth, instream substrate, mesohabitats, water depth, juvenile and adult fishes, and macroinvertebrates showed no consistent response to exclusion. Project success was influenced by the time since exclusion; whether there was complete exclusion or continued grazing; and local climate, geology, and soils. Apart from bank erosion and stability, most of the physical and biological metrics took more than a decade to respond to livestock exclusion. However, coupling exclusion with planting and other restoration measures decreased the recovery time. Complete exclusion of livestock produced more consistent improvements in riparian condition and other metrics than rest-rotation or other grazing management strategies. Understanding how physical and biological metrics respond to livestock exclusion will require (1) focused, long-term studies using before-after or before-after, control-impact designs; and (2) monitoring of metrics that most consistently respond to exclusion. Ultimately, the design of exclusions should be driven by local climate, geology, biophysical conditions, and management history. Our results highlight the need for watershedscale approaches to excluding livestock from broad areas and the need for implementation monitoring to ensure that fencing and other exclusion measures continue to exclude livestock and produce the desired responses.

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“…Such maps would also allow managers to identify areas that have higher forage quality and would be preferred by livestock (e.g., riparian areas) and allow them to focus monitoring efforts to ensure preferred sites are not overgrazed. In addition, remote sensing can be helpful in monitoring the long term benefits for grazing management practices such as water developments and fencing (Rigge et al, 2014).…”

Section: Real-time Upland Grazing Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities to Apply Precision Livestock Management on Rangelands

Bailey

Trotter

Tobin

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Precision livestock management has become a new field of study as the result of recent advancements in real-time global positioning system (GPS) tracking, accelerometer and other sensor technologies. Real-time tracking and accelerometer monitoring has the potential to remotely detect livestock disease, animal well-being and grazing distribution issues and notify ranchers and graziers so that they can respond as soon as possible. On-going research has shown that accelerometers can remotely monitor livestock behavior and detect activity changes that are associated with disease and parturition. GPS tracking can also detect parturition by monitoring the distance between a ewe and the remainder of the flock. Tracking also has the potential to detect water system failures. Combinations of GPS tracking and accelerometer monitoring may be more accurate than either device used by itself. Real-time GPS tracking can identify when livestock congregate in environmental sensitive areas which may allow managers the chance to respond before resource degradation occurs. Identification of genetic markers associated with terrain use, decreased cost of GPS tracking and novel tracking data processing should facilitate development of tools needed for genetic selection for cattle grazing distribution. Precision livestock management has potential to improve welfare of livestock grazing rangelands and forested lands, reduce labor costs and improve ranch profitability and improve the condition and sustainability of riparian areas and other environmental sensitive areas on grazing lands around the world.

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Detecting the Influence of Best Management Practices on Vegetation Near Ephemeral Streams With Landsat Data

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Off-Stream Watering Systems and Partial Barriers as a Strategy to Maximize Cattle Production and Minimize Time Spent in the Riparian Area

Off-Stream Watering Systems and Partial Barriers as a Strategy to Maximize Cattle Production and Minimize Time Spent in the Riparian Area

Effects of Livestock Exclusion on Stream Habitat and Aquatic Biota: A Review and Recommendations for Implementation and Monitoring

Opportunities to Apply Precision Livestock Management on Rangelands

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