Detecting temporal reversals in human locomotion

Viviani, Paolo; Figliozzi, Francesca; Campione, Giovanna Cristina; Lacquaniti, Francesco

doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2809-6

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Surprisingly, a temporal similarity between sMI and RP was obtained also during backward walking. Despite some differences, the kinematics of forward and backward human locomotion are quite similar (Viviani et al, 2011 ), and it could explain our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Different performances in static and dynamic imagery and real locomotion. An exploratory trial

Fusco

Iosa

Gallotta

et al. 2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Motor imagery (MI) is a mental representation of an action without its physical execution. Recently, the simultaneous movement of the body has been added to the mental simulation. This refers to dynamic motor imagery (dMI). This study was aimed at analyzing the temporal features for static and dMI in different locomotor conditions (natural walking, NW, light running, LR, lateral walking, LW, backward walking, BW), and whether these performances were more related to all the given conditions or present only in walking. We have been also evaluated the steps performed in the dMI in comparison with the ones performed by real locomotion. 20 healthy participants (29.3 ± 5.1 years old) were asked to move towards a visualized target located at 10 mt. In dMI, no significant temporal differences respect the actual locomotion were found for all the given tasks (NW: p = 0.058, LR: p = 0.636, BW: p = 0.096; LW: p = 0,487). Significant temporal differences between static imagery and actual movements were found for LR (p < 0.001) and LW (p < 0.001), due to an underestimation of time needed to achieve the target in imagined locomotion. Significant differences in terms of number of steps among tasks were found for LW (p < 0.001) and BW (p = 0.036), whereas neither in NW (p = 0.124) nor LR (p = 0.391) between dMI and real locomotion. Our results confirmed that motor imagery is a task-dependent process, with walking being temporally closer than other locomotor conditions. Moreover, the time records of dMI are nearer to the ones of actual locomotion respect than the ones of static motor imagery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Different performances in static and dynamic imagery and real locomotion. An exploratory trial

Fusco

Iosa

Gallotta

et al. 2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Actually, contrary to random motions, it is known that BM without translational displacement may elicit a vivid impression of translational motion. In accordance with this, adults are able to infer direction of a point-light human movement even if there is no actual translation (e.g., Bidet-Ildei, Chauvin, & Coello, 2010;Cutting, Moore, & Morrison, 1988;Pavlova, Krageloh-Mann, Birbaumer, & Sokolov, 2002;Saygin et al, 2010;Verfaillie, 2000;Viviani, Figliozzi, Campione, & Lacquaniti, 2011). Although this ability is not demonstrated in newborns, one can hypothesize that they exhibit visual preference for BM over random motion because they infer apparent translation in BM displays but not in random motion displays.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Preference for point-light human biological motion in newborns: Contribution of translational displacement.

Bidet-Ildei¹,

Kitromilides²,

Orliaguet³

et al. 2014

Developmental Psychology

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In human newborns, spontaneous visual preference for biological motion is reported to occur at birth, but the factors underpinning this preference are still in debate. Using a standard visual preferential looking paradigm, 4 experiments were carried out in 3-day-old human newborns to assess the influence of translational displacement on perception of human locomotion. Experiment 1 shows that human newborns prefer a point-light walker display representing human locomotion as if on a treadmill over random motion. However, no preference for biological movement is observed in Experiment 2 when both biological and random motion displays are presented with translational displacement. Experiments 3 and 4 show that newborns exhibit preference for translated biological motion (Experiment 3) and random motion (Experiment 4) displays over the same configurations moving without translation. These findings reveal that human newborns have a preference for the translational component of movement independently of the presence of biological kinematics. The outcome suggests that translation constitutes the first step in development of visual preference for biological motion.

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“…Thus, when muted video-clips of the lower face of speaking actors are shown at a variable rate, both faster and slower than the original rate, identification of the natural rate is accurate when the movies are played forward but not when they are played backward (Viviani et al, 2011a). Similarly, temporal reversals in dynamic displays of human locomotion are detected reliably only when they are played in the forward direction (Viviani et al, 2011b). Also these studies point to a specific tuning of time perception to biological movements.…”

Section: Observation Of Biological Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How long did it last? You would better ask a human

et al. 2014

Self Cite

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In the future, human-like robots will live among people to provide company and help carrying out tasks in cooperation with humans. These interactions require that robots understand not only human actions, but also the way in which we perceive the world. Human perception heavily relies on the time dimension, especially when it comes to processing visual motion. Critically, human time perception for dynamic events is often inaccurate. Robots interacting with humans may want to see the world and tell time the way humans do: if so, they must incorporate human-like fallacy. Observers asked to judge the duration of brief scenes are prone to errors: perceived duration often does not match the physical duration of the event. Several kinds of temporal distortions have been described in the specialized literature. Here we review the topic with a special emphasis on our work dealing with time perception of animate actors versus inanimate actors. This work shows the existence of specialized time bases for different categories of targets. The time base used by the human brain to process visual motion appears to be calibrated against the specific predictions regarding the motion of human figures in case of animate motion, while it can be calibrated against the predictions of motion of passive objects in case of inanimate motion. Human perception of time appears to be strictly linked with the mechanisms used to control movements. Thus, neural time can be entrained by external cues in a similar manner for both perceptual judgments of elapsed time and in motor control tasks. One possible strategy could be to implement in humanoids a unique architecture for dealing with time, which would apply the same specialized mechanisms to both perception and action, similarly to humans. This shared implementation might render the humanoids more acceptable to humans, thus facilitating reciprocal interactions.

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Detecting temporal reversals in human locomotion

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Different performances in static and dynamic imagery and real locomotion. An exploratory trial

Different performances in static and dynamic imagery and real locomotion. An exploratory trial

Preference for point-light human biological motion in newborns: Contribution of translational displacement.

How long did it last? You would better ask a human

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