Detecting suicidal thoughts: The power of ecological momentary assessment

Gratch, Ilana; Choo, Tse‐Hwei; Galfalvy, Hanga; Keilp, John G.; Itzhaky, Liat; Mann, J. John; Oquendo, María A.; Stanley, Bárbara

doi:10.1002/da.23043

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The application of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to suicidal thinking has, arguably, revealed one possible reason for the poor predictive value of traditional approaches. More specifically, EMA studies [e.g., ( 5 , 6 )] have revealed significant natural variability in suicidal thinking, negative affect, and individual history of self-harm, with fluctuations on an hour to hour, day to day, and week to week basis, characterized by wide shifts for those at highest risk. EMA also revealed periods of suicidal thinking that are likely undetected by traditional, retrospective approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale: Development and Clinical Application

Rudd

Bryan

2021

Front. Psychiatry

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The study explored the development of the Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale (B-SCS), a simple and brief measure of suicide risk. The B-SCS provides a brief measure that captures critical aspects of suicide risk embedded in core beliefs about the self as unlovable, one's emotional experience as unbearable, and life problems as unsolvable (i.e., the suicidal belief system), resulting in chronic or enduring suicide risk and heightened vulnerability for acute episodes secondary to internal and external triggers. Data were analyzed from three diverse samples, including a student sample (N = 349), an inpatient psychiatric sample (N = 160), and a sample of emergency department (ED) patients presenting secondary to a suicidal crisis (N = 94). Those in the student and inpatient samples completed additional symptom measures (hopelessness, anxiety, depression) and the ED sample provided 6-month follow-up data for suicide attempts. Reliability (internal consistency, test-retest), concurrent validity, construct (divergent, convergent) validity, factorial, incremental, and predictive validity were evaluated, along with calculation of predictive value of negative and positive tests, sensitivity, and specificity estimates. The B-SCS demonstrated good reliability and validity, a unidimensional factor structure across samples, along with good predictive validity and value in real-world clinical settings. The B-SCS is a brief, reliable and valid measure of suicide risk, with good ability to identify those with enduring risk for subsequent suicide attempts. The B-SCS offers a unique contribution to understanding and assessing the nature of suicide risk over time targeting the suicidal belief system, with easy application across inpatient and outpatient clinical settings, and good predictive value.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale: Development and Clinical Application

Rudd

Bryan

2021

Front. Psychiatry

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“…In relating back to Figure 1 where Silicon Coppélia was placed in the field of affective computing, our system is not focused on emotions per se like, for instance, WASABI is (Affect Simulation Architecture for Believable Interactivity) [28]. Coppélia is not focused on coping strategies either like, for example, EMA is [45]. However, EMA could be said to be at the affective heart of Coppélia because she also does appraisals based on beliefs about the world that lead to actions that are believed to have utility to change a situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WASABI would search for certain 'pulses' in the photos that may generate emotions, which Coppélia is not concerned about in the plastic-surgeon simulation. As a response, EMA would want to deal with the generated emotions so to serve regulation (e.g., of suicidal tendencies) [45]. In the plastic-surgeon simulation, Coppélia is not focused on regulating her emotions but on servicing her goals: Making friends and performing her job.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Coppélia and the Formalization of the Affective Process

Hoorn

Baier²,

Maanen

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Affective Comput.

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After 20 years of testing a framework for affective user responses to artificial agents and robots, we compiled a full formalization of our findings so to make the agent respond affectively to its user. Silicon Coppélia as we dubbed our system works from the features of the observed other, appraises these in various domains (e.g., ethics and affordances), then compares them to goals and concerns of the agent, to finally reach a response that includes intentions to work with the user as well as a level of being engaged with the user. This ultimately results in an action that adds to or changes the situation both agencies are in. Unlike many other systems, Silicon Coppélia can deal with ambiguous emotions of its user and has ambiguous 'feelings' of its own, which makes its decisions quite human-like. In the current paper, we advance a fuzzy-sets approach and show the inner workings of our system through an elaborate example. We present a number of simulation experiments, one of which showed decision behaviors based on biases when agent goals had low priorities. Silicon Coppélia is open to scrutiny and experimentation by way of an open-source implementation in Ptolemy.

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“…For example, a recent study in patients with major depressive disorder found that the severity of suicidal ideation assessed through 1-week EMA correlated with the ideation scores retrospective collected at the end of the week. Still, many participants reporting ideation with EMA denied ideation on the retrospective assessment (58). Thus, the analysis of the relationship between behaviors and EMA scores will yield light on the relevance of this potential recall bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study Protocol—Coping With the Pandemics: What Works Best to Reduce Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms

et al. 2021

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdown might increase anxiety and depressive symptoms in most individuals. Health bodies recommend several coping behaviors to protect against such symptoms, but evidence on the relationship between these behaviors and symptoms mostly comes from cross-sectional studies in convenience samples. We will conduct a prospective longitudinal study of the associations between coping behaviors and subsequent anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in a representative sample of the Spanish general adult population.Methods: We will recruit 1,000 adult participants from all autonomous communities of Spain and with sex, age, and urbanicity distributions similar to those of their populations and assess anxiety and depressive symptoms and coping behaviors using fortnightly questionnaires and real-time methods (ecological momentary assessments) for 1 year. The fortnightly questionnaires will inquire about anxiety and depressive symptoms [General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)] and the frequency of 10 potential coping behaviors (e.g., follow a routine) during the past 2 weeks. In addition, we will collect several variables that could confound or moderate these associations. These will include subjective well-being [International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)], obsessive-compulsive symptoms [Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R)], personality and emotional intelligence [International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF)], sociodemographic factors (e.g., work status, housing-built environment), and COVID-19 pandemic-related variables (e.g., hospitalizations or limitations in social gatherings). Finally, to analyze the primary relationship between coping behaviors and subsequent anxiety and depressive symptoms, we will use autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models.Discussion: Based on the study results, we will develop evidence-based, clear, and specific recommendations on coping behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Such suggestions might eventually help health bodies or individuals to manage current or future pandemics.

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Detecting suicidal thoughts: The power of ecological momentary assessment

Cited by 62 publications

References 30 publications

The Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale: Development and Clinical Application

The Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale: Development and Clinical Application

Silicon Coppélia and the Formalization of the Affective Process

Study Protocol—Coping With the Pandemics: What Works Best to Reduce Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms

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