“…Track-etched nanopores are fabricated by etching the ion tracks inside organic foils, 1 and they gain more and more attention due to their applications in biosensor, 2,3 DNA sequencing, 4,5 mimicking the ion channel, 6,7 and energy conversion. 8 In all these applications, surface charge is crucially important, since it governs ion transport through the pores, especially when the salt concentration is low.…”