Detecting sarcasm from paralinguistic cues: Anatomic and cognitive correlates in neurodegenerative disease

Rankin, Katherine P.; Salazar, Andrea; Gorno‐Tempini, Maria Luisa; Sollberger, Marc; Wilson, Stephen M.; Pavlic, Danijela; Stanley, Christine M.; Glenn, Shenly; Weiner, Michael W.; Miller, Bruce L.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.077

Cited by 200 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Patients were evaluated with a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment within 90 d of scanning (75,77) (SI Appendix, Table S3). Guided by previous reports regarding the relationship between cardiac vagal tone and positive emotion in healthy subjects (30,31,44), we selected two measures that reflect positive personality traits for correlation analyses in patients with bvFTD-the personality construct "agreeableness" and personality facet "positive emotion" from the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3) (32).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant hemisphere lateralization of cortical parasympathetic control as revealed by frontotemporal dementia

Guo

Sturm

Zhou

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The brain continuously influences and perceives the physiological condition of the body. Related cortical representations have been proposed to shape emotional experience and guide behavior. Although previous studies have identified brain regions recruited during autonomic processing, neurological lesion studies have yet to delineate the regions critical for maintaining autonomic outflow. Even greater controversy surrounds hemispheric lateralization along the parasympathetic–sympathetic axis. The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), featuring progressive and often asymmetric degeneration that includes the frontoinsular and cingulate cortices, provides a unique lesion model for elucidating brain structures that control autonomic tone. Here, we show that bvFTD is associated with reduced baseline cardiac vagal tone and that this reduction correlates with left-lateralized functional and structural frontoinsular and cingulate cortex deficits and with reduced agreeableness. Our results suggest that networked brain regions in the dominant hemisphere are critical for maintaining an adaptive level of baseline parasympathetic outflow.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant hemisphere lateralization of cortical parasympathetic control as revealed by frontotemporal dementia

Guo

Sturm

Zhou

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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110

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“…Patients with bvFTD have consistent deficits in several domains of social cognition such as recognizing emotions in facial expressions, 26 empathy processing, 27 decision-making, 28,29 figurative language, 15 theory of mind, 30,31 and interpersonal norms. 32 We propose that this specific pattern of social cognition impairment can be understood as a general impairment of social context processing information that is the result of an abnormal fronto-insular-temporal network.…”

Section: Frontotemporal Dementia and Socialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acting appropriately in social interactions requires the interpretation of explicit and implicit contextual clues that orient our responses toward being polite, to make a joke or point out an irony, to say or not say something. Cognitive science and neuroscience research have evidenced context-dependence effects in similar domains of visual perception, [1][2][3] emotion, 4 -7 language, 8 -14 and social cognition 15,16 in both normal and neuropsychiatric conditions. But what is context?…”

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confidence: 99%

Contextual social cognition and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia

Ibáñez¹,

Manes²

2012

Neurology

291

260

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The significance of social situations is commonly context-embedded. Although the role of context has been extensively studied in basic sensory processing or simple stimulus-response settings, its relevance for social cognition is unknown. We propose the social context network model (SCNM), a fronto-insular-temporal network responsible for processing social contextual effects. The SCNM may 1) update the context and use it to make predictions, 2) coordinate internal and external milieus, and 3) consolidate context-target associative learning. We suggest the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) as a specific disorder in which the reported deficits in social cognition (e.g., facial recognition, empathy, decisionmaking, figurative language, theory of mind) can be described as context impairments due to deficits in the SCNM. Disruption of orbitofrontal-amygdala circuit, as well as the frontal, temporal, and insular atrophy in bVFTD, suggests a relationship between context-sensitive social cognition and SCNM. In considering context as an intrinsic part of social cognition, we highlight the need for a situated cognition approach in social cognition research as opposed to an abstract, universal, and decontextualized approach. The assessment of context-dependent social cognition paradigms, the SCNM, and their possible application to neuropsychiatric disorders may provide new insight into bvFTD and other related frontal disorders. Context-dependence effects are pervasive in everyday cognition. When we perceive objects and colors, we always perceive these among other objects and colors. We listen and speak within other word streams, and every atom of meaning emerges from a background of meanings. We perceive facial emotion together with body language, the prosody, and cues from the situation, all of them merged to understand the precise emotional significance. Acting appropriately in social interactions requires the interpretation of explicit and implicit contextual clues that orient our responses toward being polite, to make a joke or point out an irony, to say or not say something. Cognitive science and neuroscience research have evidenced context-dependence effects in similar domains of visual perception, 1-3 emotion, 4 -7 language, 8 -14 and social cognition 15,16 in both normal and neuropsychiatric conditions. But what is context? Simply put, a contextual factor (X) is something that has an effect on a cognitive event and can be determined by observing how that event is affected when X is changed.17 However, this basic definition seems to miss the essence of contextual effects, which is best illustrated with a simple optical illusion. The Ebbinghaus illusion (figure 1A) depicts 2 identical central circles, surrounded by rings of circles. Despite the fact that they are the same size, one circle is perceived as small and the other as big. The contextual information available (the surrounding circles) creates the perception that the center circles are different sizes. Context seems to be more than...

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“…First, we included a heterogeneous population of participants. This is common in studies exploring structural behavioural correlations, as variability in behaviour and in grey matter atrophy patterns increases the variance and thus the power in correlation analyses, and the inclusion of patients with damage to the widest possible array of cortical regions allows closer approximation of a 'whole brain analysis' of behavioural correlates (Rankin et al, 2009). Other limitations to the voxel-based morphometry method include spatial normalization of structural images, questionable ability to generalize results that are based on an atrophy model, and potential for bias due to inclusion of clusters of patients with similar atrophy patterns (co-atrophy effects).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-awareness in neurodegenerative disease relies on neural structures mediating reward-driven attention

Shany‐Ur

Lin

Rosen

et al. 2014

Brain

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111

108

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Accurate self-awareness is essential for adapting one's tasks and goals to one's actual abilities. Patients with neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those with right frontal involvement, often present with poor self-awareness of their functional limitations that may exacerbate their already jeopardized decision-making and behaviour. We studied the structural neuroanatomical basis for impaired self-awareness among patients with neurodegenerative disease and healthy older adults. One hundred and twentyfour participants (78 patients with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, right-temporal frontotemporal dementia, semantic variant and non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia, and 46 healthy controls) described themselves on the Patient Competency Rating Scale, rating observable functioning across four domains (daily living activities, cognitive, emotional control, interpersonal). All participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Informants also described subjects' functioning on the same scale. Self-awareness was measured by comparing self and informant ratings. Group differences in discrepancy scores were analysed using general linear models, controlling for age, sex and disease severity. Compared with controls, patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia overestimated their functioning in all domains, patients with Alzheimer's disease overestimated cognitive and emotional functioning, patients with right-temporal frontotemporal dementia overestimated interpersonal functioning, and patients with non-fluent aphasia overestimated emotional and interpersonal functioning. Patients with semantic variant aphasia did not overestimate functioning on any domain. To examine the neuroanatomic correlates of impaired self-awareness, discrepancy scores were correlated with brain volume using voxel-based morphometry. To identify the unique neural correlates of overlooking versus exaggerating deficits, overestimation and underestimation scores were analysed separately, controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume and extent of actual functional decline. Atrophy related to overestimating one's functioning included bilateral, right greater than left frontal and subcortical regions, including dorsal superior and middle frontal gyri, lateral and medial orbitofrontal gyri, right anterior insula, putamen, thalamus, and caudate, and midbrain and pons. Thus, our patients' tendency to under-represent their functional decline was related to degeneration of domain-general dorsal frontal regions involved in attention, as well as orbitofrontal and subcortical regions likely involved in assigning a reward value to self-related processing and maintaining accurate self-knowledge. The anatomic correlates of underestimation (right rostral anterior cingulate cortex, uncorrected significance level) were distinct from overestimation and had a substantially smaller effect size. This suggests that underestimation or 'tarnishing' may be influ...

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Detecting sarcasm from paralinguistic cues: Anatomic and cognitive correlates in neurodegenerative disease

Cited by 200 publications

References 72 publications

Dominant hemisphere lateralization of cortical parasympathetic control as revealed by frontotemporal dementia

Dominant hemisphere lateralization of cortical parasympathetic control as revealed by frontotemporal dementia

Contextual social cognition and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia

Self-awareness in neurodegenerative disease relies on neural structures mediating reward-driven attention

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