Detecting Respiratory Viruses in Asymptomatic Children

Advani, Sonali D; Sengupta, Arnab; Forman, Michael; Valsamakis, Alexandra; Milstone, Aaron M.

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e318265a804

Cited by 79 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarında viral patojenlerin hızlı tespiti ve tanımlanması, antiviral tedaviye başlanması ve gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımının önlemesinin yanı sıra nozokomiyal bulaş, hospitalizasyon süresi ve tedavi masraflarının azaltılmasında da büyük öneme sahiptir 14,15 . Yüksek duyarlılık ve özgüllük, kısa test süresi ve otomatize platformlara sahip moleküler teknikler, solunum yolu patojenlerinin hızlı tespiti ve tanımlanmasın-da kritik rol oynamaktadır 14 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Determination of the Frequency of Human Bocavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Among 0-2 Years Age Group Children Diagnosed as Acute Bronchiolitis

Uyar¹,

Kuyucu²,

Tezcan³

et al. 2014

Mikrobiyol Bul

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* Bu çalışma, Mersin Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje no. TF DTB [MU] 2010-4 TU). ÖZETAkut bronşiyolit, daha çok iki yaşından küçük çocuklarda sıklıkla viral etkenlerin neden olduğu bir alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonudur. Bu çalışmada, 0-2 yaş arası akut bronşiyolitli çocuklarda, insan bokavirusu (HBoV) da dahil olmak üzere solunum yolu viruslarının sıklığının belirlenmesi ve bu etkenlerle oluşan enfeksiyonların klinik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, Ocak-Haziran 2010 tarihleri arasında Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalında akut bronşiyolit tanısı alan 62 hasta (45 erkek, 17 kız; yaş aralığı: 0-2 yıl) ile kontrol grubu olarak sağlıklı 33 çocuk (21 erkek, 12 kız; yaş aralığı: 0-2 yıl) dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma gruplarından alınan nazofarengeal aspirat örneklerinde solunum yolu virusları [respiratuar sinsityal virusu (RSV) A ve B; rhinovirus (RV); insan metapnömovirusu (hMPV) A ve B; influenza virus tip A (H1N1, H3N2, H1N1v), B ve C; parainfluenza virus (PIV) tip 1, 2, 3 ve 4A/B; adenovirus (AdV); HBoV; koronavirus (CoV 229E); enterovirus (EV)], multipleks polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (M-PCR) ve DNA mikroarray prensibi ile çalışan CLART ® Pneumovir (Clinical Array Technology, Genomica, İspanya) ticari sistemi ile araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, viral etkenler ile hastaların demografik, klinik ve laboratuvar özellikleri, uygulanan tedaviler ve hastanede yatış oranları arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, akut bronşiyolitli 62 hastanın 52 (%83.9)'sinde en az Geliş Tarihi (Received): 12.12.2013 • Kabul Ediliş Tarihi (Accepted): 11.04.2014

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Determination of the Frequency of Human Bocavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Among 0-2 Years Age Group Children Diagnosed as Acute Bronchiolitis

Uyar¹,

Kuyucu²,

Tezcan³

et al. 2014

Mikrobiyol Bul

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“…This finding is consistent with reports of asymptomatic rhinovirus infections. 2,24 There were 2 cases of rhinovirus RNA detection after resolution of symptoms, suggesting nucleic acid persistence after infection. In only 1 case was the infant symptomatic throughout all rhinovirus RNA isolates (2 specimens collected 41 days apart).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Recent studies have shown an increasing prevalence of asymptomatic rhinovirus infections. [2][3][4] Picornavirus nucleic acids are typically shed from the upper respiratory tract for 1 to 3 weeks after infection. 4,5 A study in adult volunteers showed that cultivatable rhinoviruses were routinely recovered for ∼2 weeks after infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of Rhinovirus Shedding in the Upper Respiratory Tract in the First Year of Life

Loeffelholz¹,

Trujillo

Pyles

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Rhinoviruses are commonly detected in both acutely ill and asymptomatic infants and children. The finding may represent new infection or prolonged presence of rhinovirus RNA in the respiratory tract. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:In young, otherwise healthy infants, shedding of RNA from the same rhinovirus strain rarely persisted longer than 30 days. abstract BACKGROUND: Current molecular diagnostic methods have detected rhinovirus RNA in a high proportion of asymptomatic infants and children, raising the question of the clinical significance of these findings. This study investigates the prevalence of prolonged rhinovirus RNA presence in the upper respiratory tract of infants during the first year of life. METHODS:In a longitudinal study, infants were followed from birth up to 12 months. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected monthly (months 1-6 and month 9) and during an upper respiratory infection. Rhinoviruses were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Presence of repeated rhinovirus RNA was evaluated by nucleotide sequence analysis. RESULTS:A total of 2153 specimens from 362 infants were studied; 341 distinct rhinovirus infections in 216 infants were identified. Follow-up specimens were available within 30 days for 179 infections, creating the sample set to assess prolonged rhinovirus presence. Of the 179 infections, 46 involved the detection of the same rhinovirus strain in repeated specimens, including 8 events of prolonged presence of the same strain (detected in specimens collected .30 days apart), representing 4.5% of the evaluable rhinovirus infections. There were 26 events in which a rhinovirus strain was replaced by a different strain within a 30-day interval, representing 14.5% of the 179 infections. CONCLUSIONS:Although rhinovirus infections are common in healthy infants, prolonged presence of rhinovirus RNA in the respiratory tract after an upper respiratory infection was uncommon (,5%). Detection of rhinovirus RNA in an infant most likely represents an infection within a 30-day period. Dr Loeffelholz co-conceptualized and co-designed the study and wrote the initial manuscript; Dr Trujillo coordinated data collection; Dr Pyles conceptualized and supervised molecular virology studies and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Mr Miller performed molecular virology studies and provided interpretation of the data for inclusion in the manuscript; Dr Alvarez-Fernandez supervised data collection; Dr Pong performed molecular virology studies and performed data collection and analysis; Dr Chonmaitree conceptualized and designed the study, provided overall study supervision, and revised the manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. 4,5 A study in adult volunteers showed that cultivatable rhinoviruses were routinely recovered for ∼2 weeks after infection. 6 Recurrent rhinovirus infection has been described in patients with asthma 7 and in those at risk of developing...

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“…Because influenza virus has infrequently (0%-2%) been detected by RT-PCR among asymptomatic children, it is possible that a few children could have had influenza detected without clinically relevant influenza infection. [48][49][50][51] Circulating influenza viruses, vaccination trends, viral testing, discharge diagnoses, and antiviral use could vary geographically, and the NVSN results may not be reflective of the entire United States.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Burden of Influenza in Young Children, 2004–2009

Poehling

Edwards²,

Griffin³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

159

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OBJECTIVE: To characterize the health care burden of influenza from 2004 through 2009, years when influenza vaccine recommendations were expanded to all children aged ≥6 months. METHODS: Population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza was performed among children aged <5 years presenting with fever and/or acute respiratory illness to inpatient and outpatient settings during 5 influenza seasons in 3 US counties. Enrolled children had nasal/throat swabs tested for influenza by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and their medical records reviewed. Rates of influenza hospitalizations per 1000 population and proportions of outpatients (emergency department and clinic) with influenza were computed. RESULTS: The study population comprised 2970, 2698, and 2920 children from inpatient, emergency department, and clinic settings, respectively. The single-season influenza hospitalization rates were 0.4 to 1.0 per 1000 children aged <5 years and highest for infants <6 months. The proportion of outpatient children with influenza ranged from 10% to 25% annually. Among children hospitalized with influenza, 58% had physician-ordered influenza testing, 35% had discharge diagnoses of influenza, and 2% received antiviral medication. Among outpatients with influenza, 7% were tested for influenza, 7% were diagnosed with influenza, and <1% had antiviral treatment. Throughout the 5 study seasons, <45% of influenza-negative children ≥6 months were fully vaccinated against influenza. CONCLUSIONS: Despite expanded vaccination recommendations, many children are insufficiently vaccinated, and substantial influenza burden remains. Antiviral use was low. Future studies need to evaluate trends in use of vaccine and antiviral agents and their impact on disease burden and identify strategies to prevent influenza in young infants.

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Detecting Respiratory Viruses in Asymptomatic Children

Cited by 79 publications

References 36 publications

Determination of the Frequency of Human Bocavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Among 0-2 Years Age Group Children Diagnosed as Acute Bronchiolitis

Determination of the Frequency of Human Bocavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Among 0-2 Years Age Group Children Diagnosed as Acute Bronchiolitis

Duration of Rhinovirus Shedding in the Upper Respiratory Tract in the First Year of Life

The Burden of Influenza in Young Children, 2004–2009

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