Detecting lucid dreams only by submentalis electromyography

Raduga, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.030

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In this sense, our results should be viewed as preliminary. This was the first study to use PACM approach, excluding PACM testing itself 65 . In most previous LD studies, PAEM were used as the standard verification method (for a review see MotaRolim, 2020 71 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PACM require EMG sensors to be placed only in the submentalis area, which was already included in the configuration of the current experiment. REM sleep atonia and phasic bursts of PACM can be detected during LD using the PACM method 65 . As REM sleep and consciousness are the main characteristics of LD, the PACM method is considered the main LD detection method in the present study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘I love you’: the first phrase detected from dreams

Raduga¹

2022

Sleep Sci

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Objective Many people have dreams nightly and some maintain consciousness during dreams. Such dreams are referred to as lucid dreams (LD). During dreams, our speech correlates with facial muscle activity, which is hard to decode, but LD could solve this problem. The primary hypothesis of this study was that the facial muscles electric activity during LD corresponds to specific sounds. Understanding this connection could help decode dream speech in the future. Material and Methods Under laboratory conditions, four LD practitioners were asked to say “ I love you ”, a phrase with a distinctive electromyographic (EMG) signature. They did this before falling asleep and then again after becoming conscious during a dream. Their facial and neck EMG was recorded in four areas. Results All four volunteers accomplished the goal at least once. The patterns associated with the “ I love you ” phrase were observed in most cases, both during wakefulness and LD. Specifically, the “ I ” triggered distinctive phasic activity in the submentalis area most of the time, while “ you ” did the same in the orbicularis oris . Discussion This study highlights the possibility of detecting only specific and highly EMG distinctive phrases from dreams because vocalization also involves a tong and vocal apparatus. The most interesting consequence of the present results is that they indicate the possibility of creating an artificial EMG language that could be instantly decoded in reality and used during LD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘I love you’: the first phrase detected from dreams

Raduga¹

2022

Sleep Sci

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“…This means that PSG may confirm not only LD but also Remmyo vocalizations. For example, chin EMG and frontalis EEG fully coincide with Remmyo letters k and s, when left and right EOG are closely located to l and c. At the same time, the problem of LD verification persists (Mota-Rolim, 2020), triggering a search for new methods to properly detect consciousness in REM sleep (Raduga, 2021). If Remmyo words are decoded by software that is tuned to accomplish this goal, it could be a sign of consciousness by itself because such combinations of artifacts are not likely to occur spontaneously.…”

Section: Remmyo and Ld Could Confirm Each Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 RADUGA, SHASHKOV, AND VANIN sounds that are distinctive from LD, meaning that EMG signals avoid the tongue and vocal apparatus. Remmyo, the first electromyographical language, fits all the requirements mentioned above, as it was deliberately constructed for communication in phase states (Raduga, 2022b). In addition to distinctive EMG patterns, people can talk in Remmyo, hear it, and see it through facial expressions in wakening (like sign language).…”

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confidence: 99%

Unmuting lucid dreams: Speech decoding and vocalization in real time.

Raduga¹,

Shashkov²,

Vanin³

2023

Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

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Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to communicate with people in lucid dreams (LDs), during which it is possible to maintain consciousness. Previously, dreamers could hear sounds from reality and respond with some simple signals, but they could not speak back. In this study, facial surface electromyography (EMG) was tested as a proof of concept for unmuting people in LDs. Remmyo, an EMG distinctive constructed language, was used. The software was developed to translate facial EMG impulses into Remmyo sounds and letters, translate words into English, and digitally vocalize the final text in English. Four LD practitioners were trained to pronounce a short phrase or a word in Remmyo and were then asked to achieve the same task in LDs under polysomnographic observation. LDs were verified by preagreed eye movements in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Four volunteers tried to speak in Remmyo in 15 LDs. Due to software failures, mispronunciations, and missing sounds, the decoding efficiency in real time or in recordings ranged from 13% to 81%. The first phrase and word heard from sleeping people were "no war" and "freedom." The later was automatically translated and vocalized in English in real time for 11 times. Despite controversial results, the study shows that, with further development, people could possibly talk in LDs and could be heard in reality with the help of EMG sensors. To achieve this goal, a range of possible obstacles is discussed. This technology could provide opportunities for LD studies and their practical applications.

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“…However, recently, a new technique has been proposed, which uses chin movements to indicate LDs and can be detected via EEG. This would allow for easier detection of LD, as this uses less equipment and might be easier on the participants [26]. It has also been found that signals can be sent into dreams, which can induce LDs [25].…”

Section: Lucid Dreamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Paralysis and Lucid Dreaming—Between Waking and Dreaming: A Review about Two Extraordinary States

Ableidinger¹,

Holzinger

2023

JCM

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Background: Sleep paralysis and lucid dreams are two states of consciousness that are connected to REM sleep but are defined by higher awareness in contrast to regular REM sleep. Despite these similarities, the two states differ widely in their emotional tone and their perceived controllability. This review aims to summarize the current research containing sleep paralysis and lucid dreams. However, given the sparsity of the research, one single topic cannot be chosen. Methods: Articles containing both lucid dreams as well as sleep paralysis were searched for in the following databanks: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, and PSYNDEX. Further, citations of the found papers were examined. Results: 10 studies were included in the review. Most of the studies were surveys, but there was also a case study, a randomized trial, and an observational EEG study. The numbers of participants ranged from a single participant in the case study to 1928 participants in a survey. The main findings were that correlations between sleep paralysis and lucid dreaming were positive and significant in most of the studies. Conclusions: There is a connection between lucid dreaming and sleep paralysis. However, research is still very limited and diverse in the methodologies used. Future research should build standardized methods for examining the two phenomena.

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Detecting lucid dreams only by submentalis electromyography

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

‘I love you’: the first phrase detected from dreams

‘I love you’: the first phrase detected from dreams

Unmuting lucid dreams: Speech decoding and vocalization in real time.

Sleep Paralysis and Lucid Dreaming—Between Waking and Dreaming: A Review about Two Extraordinary States

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