Detecting itinerant single microwave photons

Sathyamoorthy, Sankar Raman; Stace, Thomas M.; Johansson, Göran

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2016.07.010

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The electron's cyclotron degree of freedom is a multi-level system and the dynamics in Equation (4) can be very complex when including interactions with waves carrying more than one quantum of energy. In contrast to most other quantum microwave sensors proposed and/or being developed, based upon "lambda" three-level systems, (see [4] and references therein) the electron's cyclotron quantum harmonic oscillator can detect several microwave photons simultaneously [5]. While that can be very advantageous in many situations, here we restrict the discussion to the simplest case where the radiation contains only one photon per detection event.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Two Coupled Quantum Harmonic Oscillatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While several alternatives based upon superconducting and semiconductor technologies have been proposed and are being developed (see for instance [2][3][4] and references therein), the first observation of individual microwave photons employed an electron captured in a Penning trap as a transducer [5]. Trapped electrons have been proposed for implementing a quantum processor [6,7], for improved precision measurements of fundamental constants using quantum metrology protocols [8] and for quantum simulation of spin-spin interaction Hamiltonians [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single Microwave Photon Detection with a Trapped Electron

et al. 2016

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Abstract:We investigate theoretically the use of an electron in a Penning trap as a detector of single microwave photons. At the University of Sussex we are developing a chip Penning trap technology, designed to be integrated within quantum circuits. Microwave photons are guided into the trap and interact with the electron's quantum cyclotron motion. This is an electric dipole transition, where the near field of the microwave radiation induces quantum jumps of the cyclotron harmonic oscillator. The quantum jumps can be monitored using the continuous Stern-Gerlach effect, providing the quantum non demolition signal of the microwave quanta. We calculate the quantum efficiency of photon detection and discuss the main features and technical challenges for the trapped electron as a quantum microwave sensor.

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Section: Dynamics Of Two Coupled Quantum Harmonic Oscillatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Microwave Photon Detection with a Trapped Electron

et al. 2016

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“…Additionally, traditional applications of propagating quantum microwaves do not make use of photodetection. For this reason, even though there are proposal for photodetectors from a decade ago [22][23][24][25][26][27], there are no experiments yet for propagating photons not already trapped inside a cavity. To the best of our knowledge, experimental reports deal with "gated" microwave photodetectors, where the time window or even the envelope of the incoming photon is assumed to be known.…”

Section: B Experimental State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Open-air Microwave Quantum Communication and Sensing

Sanz

Fedorov

Deppe

2018

2018 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements &Amp; Applications (CAMA)

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Quantum communication is a holy grail to achieve secure communication among a set of partners, since it is provably unbreakable by physical laws. Quantum sensing employs quantum entanglement as an extra resource to determine parameters by either using less resources or attaining a precision unachievable in classical protocols. A paradigmatic example is the quantum radar, which allows one to detect an object without being detected oneself, by making use of the additional asset provided by quantum entanglement to reduce the intensity of the signal. In the optical regime, impressive technological advances have been reached in the last years, such as the first quantum communication between ground and satellites, as well as the first proof-of-principle experiments in quantum sensing. The development of microwave quantum technologies turned out, nonetheless, to be more challenging. Here, we will discuss the challenges regarding the use of microwaves for quantum communication and sensing. Based on this analysis, we propose a roadmap to achieve real-life applications in these fields. * mikel.sanz@ehu.eus it is noteworthy to mention that also impressive advances have been achieved in Heisenberg-limited interferometers by using Fock states [13]. II. STATE OF THE ART IN QUANTUM MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGYThe advances in the use of microwaves in the quantum regime for technological applications were more gradual than with optical photons. The reasons are not only historical, but they also lie in technological difficulties which make the control of microwave photons much subtler than optical photons. In this section, we will first address some of the most relevant physical and technological problems of propagating quantum microwaves. Afterwards, we will briefly review the state of the art in experiments and some relevant experimental proposals. A. Technological Challenges for Quantum Microwaves• The most important challenge when employing microwaves for quantum technologies when compared with optical photons is the requirement of cryogenics. Indeed, the thermal isolation required for photons in the gigahertz regime is much higher than in the terahertz regime. This can be shown by considering the Bose-Einstein distribution, which estimates the number of photons per volume unit with frequency between ν and ν + dνarXiv:1809.02979v2 [quant-ph]

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“…Experimentally, the study of quantum jumps of a single quantum dot spin has been accomplished with a superconducting single photon detector and photon waiting times were measured [41]. Recent progress in circuit QED experiments [42][43][44], including the observation of quantum trajectories [45] and single microwave photon detection [46][47][48], also render the experimental observation of microwave photon arrivals possible in the near future. While many issues have clearly been investigated in waveguide QED, the role of strong interference in photon statistics and the existence and characterization of more complex photon statistics remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum interference and complex photon statistics in waveguide QED

Zhang

Baranger

2018

Phys. Rev. A

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We obtain photon statistics by using a quantum jump approach tailored to a system in which one or two qubits are coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. Photons confined in the waveguide have strong interference effects, which are shown to play a vital role in quantum jumps and photon statistics. For a single qubit, for instance, bunching of transmitted photons is heralded by a jump that increases the qubit population. We show that the distribution and correlations of waiting times offer a clearer and more precise characterization of photon bunching and antibunching. Further, the waiting times can be used to characterize complex correlations of photons which are hidden in g (2) (τ ), such as a mixture of bunching and antibunching.

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Detecting itinerant single microwave photons

Cited by 29 publications

References 50 publications

Single Microwave Photon Detection with a Trapped Electron

Single Microwave Photon Detection with a Trapped Electron

Challenges in Open-air Microwave Quantum Communication and Sensing

Quantum interference and complex photon statistics in waveguide QED

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