Detecting fiber oscillations by measuring electric field variations

Astrophysical constraints on the confining models: The field correlator method

“…Note that the potential V 1 in Eq. (5) does not depend on the chemical potential and this is partially supported by lattice simulations at small chemical potential [16,19]. In our opinion, although we are considering the range T ∼ 0 (in the following calculations we fix the value T = 1 MeV) and large µ q , relevant for the NS, this approximation is still valid.…”

“…The FCM has been extended to finite temperature T and chemical potential µ q in order to describe the deconfinement phase transition [13,14,15,16,17,18]. In particular, at µ q = 0 the analytical results in the gaussian approximation, valid for small vacuum correlation lengths, are in reasonable agreement with lattice data [13,15,16]. The extension in ref.…”

“…It must be noticed that the generalization of the FCM at finite T and µ q provides an expression of the pressure of quarks and gluons where the leading contribution is given by the interaction of single quark and gluon line with the vacuum, called Single Line Approximation (SLA), while the pair and triple correlations yield higher order corrections. In the SLA, within few percent, the quark pressure, for a single flavour, is given by [14,16,17,18]…”

Obtaining fiber stress-strain curves by recording fiber vibrations during electric-field measurements

“…In the presence of a positive or negative charge, the period of the firstmode vibration is determined with high accuracy by oscillograms. One also observes the superposition of vibrations of the next modes (for asymmetric excitation), the rotation of the plane of vibrations, and their damping, which is determined by the damping coefficient [1,2]. The effect of the value and sign of the charge has not been found.…”

“…An advantage of the proposed method over direct measurements of forces and displacements is accurate determination of frequencies whereas measuring small forces with a small error is difficult to perform. The method of determining vibration frequencies, modes, and damping is described in [1,2], along with the results of measurements of transverse vibrations of glass fibers fixed as an elastic cantilever and the observed relationship between the time of charge dissipation from the fiber surface and the degree of damage to this surface. …”