“…The studies summarized in Table 1 demonstrate the growing interest in the concept of fake reviews and social networking sites, particularly in the hospitality and tourism industries. Some of these studies (e.g., Banerjee & Chua, 2014;Cardoso, Silva & Almeida, 2018;Chang et al, 2015;Hunt, 2015;Lappas, Sabnis & Valkanas, 2016a;Lappas, Sabnis & Valkanas, 2016b;Li, Feng & Zhang, 2016;Munzel, 2016) focus on the Tourism industry category, while others fall into the hospitality industry category (Chen, Guo & Deng, 2014;Li et al, 2014;Li et al, 2018;Luca & Zervas, 2016). Some works (Lin et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2016;Ramalingam & Chinnaiah, 2018) were included as part of the analysis because their results can be implemented in every industry that allows consumers to write reviews, including the tourism industry.…”