Detecting effects of herbicide runoff: The use of Cassiopea maremetens as a biomonitor to hexazinone

Chronic pesticide exposure elicits a subtle carry-over effect on the metabolome of Aurelia coerulea ephyrae

“…Most studies that have analysed how jellyfish respond to anthropogenic stressors, including acidification and hypoxia (Boco et al, 2019;Klein et al, 2017), warming (Holst, 2012;Treible and Condon, 2019), heavy metals (Dong et al, 2019;Lucas and Horton, 2014) and pesticides (Klein et al, 2016;McKenzie et al, 2020;Olguín-Jacobson et al, 2020;Rowen et al, 2017), have focused on individual life-history stages. However, the life-history stages of jellyfish are interconnected.…”

“…However, the few studies of the effects of pesticides on jellyfish have focused on individual life-history stages. Three studies have analysed the effects of pesticides on the medusa (Klein et al, 2016;McKenzie et al, 2020;Rowen et al, 2017), one on the ephyra (Costa et al, 2015) and one on the polyp life-history stage (Olguín-Jacobson et al, 2020). To investigate the sensitivity to, and potential recovery from two PSII herbicides, Rowen et al (2017) and McKenzie et al (2020) exposed the symbiotic medusae Cassiopea maremetens to a simulated flood plume event.…”

“…Three studies have analysed the effects of pesticides on the medusa (Klein et al, 2016;McKenzie et al, 2020;Rowen et al, 2017), one on the ephyra (Costa et al, 2015) and one on the polyp life-history stage (Olguín-Jacobson et al, 2020). To investigate the sensitivity to, and potential recovery from two PSII herbicides, Rowen et al (2017) and McKenzie et al (2020) exposed the symbiotic medusae Cassiopea maremetens to a simulated flood plume event. Growth rates and photosynthetic efficiency were reduced when medusae were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of diuron and hexazinone but recovered quickly when the exposure was stopped.…”

Toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)

“…The effects of PSII herbicides on ΔF/F m ′ have been assessed for both cultured and symbiotic (in hospite) forms of Symbiodiniaceae. EC 50 values have been reported for Symbiodiniaceae in hospite with corals for the PSII herbicides: ametryn, diuron, hexazinone, atrazine, simazine, tebuthiuron and irgarol 1051 20,27,28,59 , diuron and hexazinone in a jellyfish 60 and diuron in an anemone 61 . However, the species of Symbiodiniaceae in hospite was only identified in one instance 20 .…”

First record of upside-down jellyfish <em>Cassiopea andromeda</em> (Forskål, 1775) (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Cassiopeidae) from Sri Lanka

“…Ten species have been classified into the genus Cassiopea (Kramp 1961;Hummelinck 1968;Thiel 1975; WoRMS Editorial Board 2020); and they show different colour morphs due to the colour producing dinoflagellate algae (zooxanthellae) that live within them symbiotically for photosynthesis (Rahat and Adar 1980;Lampert et al 2012;Lampert 2016). The Cassiopea species are beneficial for humans; for examples, Cassiopea ndrosia Agassiz & Mayer, 1899 is considered a delicacy in the Philippines (Omori and Nakono 2001) and Cassiopea maremetens Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie, 2010 as a potential biomonitor in detecting effects of herbicide runoff (McKenzie et al 2020).…”