Detecting Differences at a Selected Shooting Weapon and Its Freely Available Copies

Gracla, Michal; Mikulicova, Michaela; Maláník, Zdeněk

doi:10.2507/29th.daaam.proceedings.163

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Nearly all commercial firearms have replicas (i.e., airsoft, blank guns, or toys), specifically designed to mimic the esthetics of a firearm. Thus, object esthetic morphology as seen in photographic evidence may not always be enough to determine if the object constitutes a firearm [11]. However, firearms may be distinguished from replicas by what can be termed “ functional morphology.” This term is derived from “form follows function,” a well‐known principle in biology, stating that the function determines morphology [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Form follows function: Applying photographic content analysis to forensic firearm identification

Chaikovsky,

Pasternak,

Finkelstein

et al. 2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Drawing forensic conclusions from an image or a video is known as “photographic content analysis.” It involves the analysis of an image, as well as objects, actions, and events depicted in images or video. In recent years, photographic depictions of objects suspected as illegal firearms have substantially increased, appearing on CCTV surveillance footage, captured by mobile phones and shared on social media. However, the law in Israel states that a person can be charged with illegally possessing a firearm only if it can be proven that the object is capable of shooting with lethal bullet energy. This becomes more challenging in cases where the firearm was not physically seized, and the evidence exclusively consists of images and video. In this study, photographic content analysis was applied to images and video where objects suspected as commercial or improvised firearms had been depicted. An image and event sequence reconstruction video databases of both firearms and replicas were created in order to better define firearm‐specific functional morphological features. We demonstrate that it is possible to classify an object as a firearm by analyzing the functional, and not only the esthetic, morphology in images and video. It is also shown that event sequence reconstruction in video may be used to infer that an object suspected as a firearm has the capacity to shoot by confirming the occurrence of a shooting act or shooting process. Thus, photographic content analysis may be used to forensically establish that an object depicted in an image or a video is a firearm by ruling out other known scenarios, and without physically seizing it.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Form follows function: Applying photographic content analysis to forensic firearm identification

Chaikovsky,

Pasternak,

Finkelstein

et al. 2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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show abstract

“…Technical, forensic, and forensic aspects [13], The wounding potential of small-calibre projectiles and its evaluation [14], Physical models of human biological systems in a ballistic experiment to evaluate the wounding effects of a small-calibre missile [15], Simulation and evaluation of the impact of small-calibre projectiles on the live force. [16] Interesting is also the article Detecting Differences At A Selected Shooting Weapon And Its Freely Available Copies by Gracla et al [17] The initial hypothesis is that the depth of shot and wounding potential will generally decrease with increasing shooting distance, and this trend could be linear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Shooting Distance on the Depth of Penetration of the Bullet into the Replacement Material for Air Gun Weapons

Ficek¹,

Maláník²,

Mikulicova³

et al. 2019

DAAAM Proceedings

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In the last few years, it has been possible to see an increasing trend of aggression in society, leading to the more frequent use of weapons in conflicts. The using of air weapons is also increasing. But are these weapons really dangerous, and what is the effect of shooting distance on the depth of the shot? The article tries to answer these questions. The paper uses ballistic experiment to gain knowledge on which a qualitative evaluation is used. The shooting experiment is based on the firing of physical substitution models made of 20% ballistic gelatine from an air gun with a calibre of 4.5 mm, at a distance of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 m. The impact velocities of the projectile were measured using optical ballistic gates and using high-speed cameras were recorded missile passes ballistic gelatin. The depths of the shots were then measured using callipers, and the maximum dimensions and the shape of the temporary cavities of the shots were determined using optical recordings from the high-speed camera. It was found that the depth of the shot decreases with increasing shooting distance. The same applies to the maximum volumes of temporary cavities. These trends are almost linear and are associated with a drop in the impact velocity of the projectile hitting the test target. This pilot experiment serves for the initial verification of the hypothesis of the effect of shooting distance on the depth of shot in air gun weapons and provides essential information for further in-depth investigation.

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Analysis of the Wounding Potential of Selected Weapons of Category D

Gracla¹,

Mikulicova²,

Maláník³

2020

DAAAM International Scientific Book

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Interest in firearms has been increasing recently, and it is, therefore, necessary to deal with the possible firearms injuries that these weapons can cause. Gunshot wounds depend on the wounding potential which firearms can cause. The wounding potential is commonly tested on the replacement material. In this paper, an experimental measurement is used. The first measurement is based on the post-firing products left on the paper, and the second one is based on the depth of the shot of two types of pellets fired from the airgun. To prove or disprove the ability of the wounding potential of the investigated weapons, it is then necessary to determine the possible degree of injury caused to the soft tissue of the human body. The results are essential for further investigation and future research of gunshot wounds caused by tested weapons.

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Detecting Differences at a Selected Shooting Weapon and Its Freely Available Copies

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Form follows function: Applying photographic content analysis to forensic firearm identification

Form follows function: Applying photographic content analysis to forensic firearm identification

Influence of the Shooting Distance on the Depth of Penetration of the Bullet into the Replacement Material for Air Gun Weapons

Analysis of the Wounding Potential of Selected Weapons of Category D

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