Detecting deception in children: A meta-analysis.

Gongola, Jennifer; Scurich, Nicholas; Quas, Jodi A.

doi:10.1037/lhb0000211

Cited by 54 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Fourth, participants' accuracy when judging true statements was extremely high and near perfect when judging true disclosures of breakage. These rates were higher than the averages reported in a recent meta‐analysis by Gongola et al (). However, the meta‐analysis identified a significant amount of between‐study variability, which indicates that there are important moderators of deception detection still to uncover.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Effects of the putative confession instruction on perceptions of children's true and false statements

Gongola

Scurich

Lyon

2018

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The putative confession (PC) instruction (i.e., "[suspect] told me everything that happened and wants you to tell the truth") during forensic interviews with children has been shown to increase the accuracy of children's statements, but it is unclear whether adults' perceptions are sensitive to this salutary effect. The present study examined how adults perceive children's true and false responses to the PC instruction. Participants (n = 299) watched videotaped interviews of children and rated the child's credibility and the truthfulness of his/her statements. When viewing children's responses to the PC instruction, true and false statements were rated as equally credible, and there was a decrease in accuracy for identifying false denials as lies. These findings suggest that participants viewed the PC instruction as truth-inducing. Implications for the forensic use of the PC instruction are discussed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Effects of the putative confession instruction on perceptions of children's true and false statements

Gongola

Scurich

Lyon

2018

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…There is a breadth of research examining young and middle-aged adults' detection of children's truthful and dishonest statements. Adults are typically at, or slightly above, chance when detecting truths and lies in children (Ekman, O'Sullivan, Friesen, & Scherer, 1991; see Gongola et al, 2017 for a meta-analysis). Beyond accuracy, one can tend to rate statements as honest (a truth bias) or dishonest (a lie bias).…”

Section: Lie-detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Younger and older adults’ lie-detection and credibility judgments of children's coached reports

O’Connor

Lyon

Evans

2019

Psychology, Crime & Law

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Previous research has examined young and middle-aged adults' perceptions of child witnesses; however, no research to date has examined how potential older adult jurors may perceive a child witness. The present investigation examined younger (18-30 years, N = 100) and older adults' (66-89 years, N = 100) liedetection and credibility judgments when viewing children's truthful and dishonest reports. Participants viewed eight child interview videos where children (9-11 years of age) either provided a truthful report or a coached fabricated report to conceal a transgression. Participants provided lie-detection judgments following all eight videos and credibility assessments following the first two videos. Participants completed a General Lifespan Credibility questionnaire to assess credibility evaluations across various witness ages. Lie-detection results indicated that older adults had significantly lower discrimination scores, a stronger truth bias, and greater confidence compared to younger adults. Older adults also rated children as more competent to testify in court, credible, honest, believable, and likeable than younger adults. Participants with greater differences in their credibility evaluations for truth and lie-tellers were significantly more accurate at detecting lies. Responses to the Lifespan Credibility questionnaire revealed significant differences in younger and older adults' credibility evaluations across the lifespan.

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“…It turns out that our ability to lie is significantly better than our ability to detect lying. Adults can only detect lies told by children at a rate slightly better than chance (Gongola et al, 2017). Even as children we have a powerful ability to encrypt our inner world.…”

Section: Contemporary Challenges That Should Shape the Right Going Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Autonomous Mind: The Right to Freedom of Thought in the Twenty-First Century

McCarthy-Jones¹

2019

Front. Artif. Intell.

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To lose freedom of thought (FoT) is to lose our dignity, our democracy and our very selves. Accordingly, the right to FoT receives absolute protection under international human rights law. However, this foundational right has been neither significantly developed nor often utilized. The contours of this right urgently need to be defined due to twenty-first century threats to FoT posed by new technologies. As such, this paper draws on law and psychology to consider what the right to FoT should be in the twenty-first century. After discussing contemporary threats to FoT, and recent developments in our understanding of thought that can inform the development of the right, this paper considers three elements of the right; the rights not to reveal one's thoughts, not to be penalized for one's thoughts, and not to have one's thoughts manipulated. The paper then considers, for each element, why it should exist, how the law currently treats it, and challenges that will shape it going forward. The paper concludes that the law should develop the right to FoT with the clear understanding that what this aims to secure is mental autonomy. This process should hence begin by establishing the core mental processes that enable mental autonomy, such as attentional and cognitive agency. The paper argues that the domain of the right to FoT should be extended to include external actions that are arguably constitutive of thought, including internet searches and diaries, hence shielding them with absolute protection. It is stressed that law must protect us from threats to FoT from both states and corporations, with governments needing to act under the positive aspect of the right to ensure societies are structured to facilitate mental autonomy. It is suggested that in order to support mental autonomy, information should be provided in autonomy-supportive contexts and friction introduced into decision making processes to facilitate second-order thought. The need for public debate about how society wishes to balance risk and mental autonomy is highlighted, and the question is raised as to whether the importance attached to thought has changed in our culture. The urgency of defending FoT is re-iterated.

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Detecting deception in children: A meta-analysis.

Cited by 54 publications

References 92 publications

Effects of the putative confession instruction on perceptions of children's true and false statements

Effects of the putative confession instruction on perceptions of children's true and false statements

Younger and older adults’ lie-detection and credibility judgments of children's coached reports

The Autonomous Mind: The Right to Freedom of Thought in the Twenty-First Century

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