Detecting and Managing Childhood Onset Hypertension in Africa: A Call to Action

Craig, Ashleigh; Breet, Yolandi; Gafane-Matemane, Lebo F.; Norris, Shane A.; Kruger, Ruan

doi:10.1007/s11906-023-01247-3

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…This has been demonstrated before where mean SBP was significantly higher in boys than in girls with the mean DBP exactly opposite (10). The current study provides the first description BC variables have on SBP in school-going Kenyan children and adolescents at a time childhood onset hypertension is noted to be on the rise in Africa(2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…What remains unclear is how various BC variables correlate with BP among the sexes and age groups. In Africa, childhood onset hypertension is currently on the rise (2). Among younger adults WC and WHR have more predictive power than BMI for occurrence of high BP, and, while WHR correlates more positively with Systolic BP (SBP), it is WC that correlates stronger with Diastolic BP (DBP) (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body composition and blood pressure relationship among western-Kenya school children and adolescents

Magutah,

Mbuthia,

Meiring

2023

Preprint

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Kenyan studies relating body composition (BC) and blood pressure (BP) have focused on adults. Insight into this relationship among children and adolescents provides evidence for reduction of adulthood cardiovascular disease-risk development. We describe BC and BP correlation among Kenyan children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study randomly sampled 389 school-going participants. Weight, height, BP, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference were measured. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body-mass-index (BMI) were calculated. Relationships between BP and WC, WHR, WHtR and BMI were determined. Males and females were 14.7±2.9 and 14.4±2.5 years old, respectively. Secondary and primary schools’ males had SBP 119.1±10.3 mmHg and 107.4±13.7 mmHg; females 111.2±11.8 mmHg and 106.7±11.7 mmHg respectively. The DBP in secondary and primary schools’ males was 69.2±7.8 mmHg and 65.7±8.6mmHg, and, 69.6±7.9 mmHg and 68.1±7.4 mmHg for females. Higher BMI, WC, and WHtR correlated with higher SBP in both sexes (Pearson’s “R” +0.3 to +0.5; p<0.05). In females, DBP correlated with BMI, WC and WHtR, and only with WC for males. In all schools, only WC correlated with SBP in both sexes, BMI, WHR and WHtR correlating only among females. For males, BMI in primary and WHtR and WHR in secondary schools additionally correlated with SBP. For females, BMI and WHtR had correlations across school levels. For private and public schools, BMI, WC and WHtR had +0.2 to +0.6 correlations with SBP. The DBP correlated with WC and WHtR among private schools’ males, and, with WHtR and BMI in both school sets for females. For both sexes, WC had strongest and WHR weakest correlation with SBP. Only in secondary school females did DBP correlate some BC variables. In both sexes, BMI, WC and WHtR all fairly correlated with SBP in private and public schools, WHR appearing least applicable in predicting Kenyan children and adolescents’ BP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition and blood pressure relationship among western-Kenya school children and adolescents

Magutah,

Mbuthia,

Meiring

2023

Preprint

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Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: the current profile, recent advances, gaps, and priorities

Gafane-Matemane,

Craig,

Kruger

et al. 2024

J Hum Hypertens

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Recent global and regional reports consistently confirm the high and increasing prevalence of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with poor detection, treatment, and control rates. This narrative review summarises the burden of hypertension in SSA and recent findings from community-based hypertension management strategies. We further outline prominent risk factors according to recent data and associated underlying mechanisms for hypertension development. An extensive review of literature showed that most countries have reported on the prevalence of hypertension during 2017–2023, despite limitations linked to the lack of nationally representative studies, heterogeneity of sampling and data collection methods. Task-shifting approaches that assign roles to model patients and community health workers reported improved linkage to healthcare services and adherence to medication, with inconsistent findings on blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects over time. The regularly reported risk factors include unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, increased adiposity and underweight, ageing, level of education, and/or income as well as psychosocial factors. Newer data on the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to hypertension and potential areas of intervention are reported from children and adults and include, among others, salt-handling and volume overload, endothelial function, BP dipping patterns and the role of human immunodeficiency virus . To conclude, significant strides have been made in data reporting from SSA on the burden of hypertension in the region as well as biomarker research to improve understanding and identification of areas of intervention. However, gaps remain on linkage between knowledge generation, translation, and implementation research. Coordinated studies addressing both discovery science and public health are crucial to curb hypertension development and improve management in SSA.

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Detecting and Managing Childhood Onset Hypertension in Africa: A Call to Action

Cited by 2 publications

References 129 publications

Body composition and blood pressure relationship among western-Kenya school children and adolescents

Body composition and blood pressure relationship among western-Kenya school children and adolescents

Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: the current profile, recent advances, gaps, and priorities

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