Detectability and Bias Indices of Pneumatic Corneal Stimuli Using Signal Detection Theory

Jayakumar, Varadharajan; Simpson, Trefford

doi:10.1167/tvst.9.12.17

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Feng and Simpson (2004) have identified multiple corneal psychophysical channels in the human cornea. Our previous report using signal detection theory (SDT) showed favorable evidence in our data toward both the nerve conduction and nociception hypotheses (Jayakumar and Simpson, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Since this MSDT experiment using ocular surface stimuli has never been performed before (Jayakumar and Simpson, 2020), we used the data from our Yes-No experiment (Jayakumar and Simpson, 2020) to calculate the sample size for this experiment using the gpower 3.1.9.6. The estimated sample size needed was 8 (two-sided pair t-test, alpha = 0.05, beta = 0.8) with effect size of 1.17 based on the mean ± SD of cold and mechanical stimuli.…”

Section: Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cold thermo-receptors and polymodal nociceptors transduce signals conducted through the C-fibers, while the mechanonociceptors transduce information for the fast-conducting Aδfibers' rapid response to painful mechanical stimuli (MacIver and Tanelian, 1993a;MacIver and Tanelian, 1993b;Belmonte et al, 2004). Since there is no systematic neurophysiological examination on the effects of human corneal stimulations, the presence of receptors/channels in the human cornea has been evaluated psychophysically (Feng and Simpson, 2004;Jayakumar and Simpson, 2020). Feng and Simpson (2004) have identified multiple corneal psychophysical channels in the human cornea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples producing these biases include time of the experiment, previous experience and training, instruction characteristics, signal probability, stimulus intensity, or presumed tolerability to pain (Swets, 1961;Chapman, 1977;Rollman, 1977;Vision, 1985;Gescheider, 1997;Macmillan and Creelman, 2005). Only 1 experimental investigation of ocular surface sensory and decision criteria derived using signal detection theory (SDT) has ever been published (Jayakumar and Simpson, 2020). In it, we showed among other things, that there was a shortcoming in understanding the criteria used by participants because the simple yes-no experiment was designed to examine only the single criterion used by each subject (Jayakumar and Simpson, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 1 experimental investigation of ocular surface sensory and decision criteria derived using signal detection theory (SDT) has ever been published (Jayakumar and Simpson, 2020). In it, we showed among other things, that there was a shortcoming in understanding the criteria used by participants because the simple yes-no experiment was designed to examine only the single criterion used by each subject (Jayakumar and Simpson, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Criterion and Multiple Stimulus Signal Detection Theory Analysis of Corneal Painful and Cool Pneumatic Stimuli

Jayakumar

Simpson

2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Purpose: To evaluate the detectability of pneumatic corneal stimuli and response bias using multi-stimuli multi-criterion signal detection theory (MSDT).Methods: Thirty-six participants were recruited using convenience sampling. A Waterloo Belmonte esthesiometer was used to deliver cold, mechanical, and chemical stimuli to the center of the cornea at three separate study visits. The stimulus type was assigned randomly to each visit at the start of the study. The threshold (baseline for detection theory experiment) for the assigned stimulus type was obtained using the ascending method of limits. In the cold and mechanical MSDT experiments, 100 trials (80 signal (20 each for 4 intensities) and 20 catch trials) were presented in randomized order, and participants responded with a 5-point confidence rating to each trial. In the chemical MSDT experiments, 50 trials (20 signal trials each for two intensities and 10 catch trials) were presented, and responses were provided using 4-point confidence ratings. Detection theory indices were calculated individually and as groups, which were then analyzed using mixed models and paired t-tests.Results: Detectability (da) and the area under the curve (Az) were significantly different between stimulus intensities within each stimulus type (all p < 0.001) but were not different between the stimulus types. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were separable between the scaled intensities for all stimulus types, and no overlaps were observed in the z-ROC space. The log-likelihood ratio (lnβ) depended on stimulus intensity and psychophysical criterion for all stimulus types.Conclusion: It is feasible to use MSDT for analyzing ocular surface sensory processing and the theory provides insight into the possible bias associated with the use of pneumatic stimuli. With noxious and non-noxious pneumatic stimulation, detectability and criteria vary systematically with stimulus intensity, a result that cannot be derived using classical psychophysics and this highlights the importance of signal detection theory and its approaches in studying ocular surface pain and thermal processing.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Criterion and Multiple Stimulus Signal Detection Theory Analysis of Corneal Painful and Cool Pneumatic Stimuli

Jayakumar

Simpson

2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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A method for evaluating the risks of glucose dysregulation in daily life by continuous measurement of glucose excursions under reduced glycemic load: a pilot study

Katagiri,

Ozaku,

Kondo

2024

Front. Sens.

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Introduction: Continuous glucose monitoring is essential for the management of patients with metabolic syndromes in their daily lives. However, how metabolic risks are accessed using time-series glucose excursion data for healthy individuals remains unclear.Methods: Thus, this study aimed to present a method for evaluating the risks of glucose dysregulation by analyzing glucose responses under reduced glycemic load using a phytochemical alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. A 14-day pilot trial with healthy adult participants was conducted to demonstrate the validity of the method.Results and Discussion: The results showed that ultradian glucose spike packets with lower heights dominantly appeared under reduced glycemic load, replacing postprandial single-lobe glucose spikes with higher heights. Furthermore, the frequency dominance of ultradian spike packets contributed to the reduction of overall mean glucose excursions during the test period under reduced glycemic load. Based on the time-delay model, it was indicated that glycemic load reduction recovers regular glucose–insulin coupling accompanying ultradian oscillations, thereby contributing to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. The findings of this study indicate that the frequency ratio between pulsatile spike packets and single-lobe spikes could be a marker for evaluating glucose regulation/dysregulation in healthy adults.

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Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Coordinates Contextual Mental Imagery for Single-Beat Manipulation during Rhythmic Sensorimotor Synchronization

Uemura,

Katagiri,

Imai

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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Flexible pulse-by-pulse regulation of sensorimotor synchronization is crucial for voluntarily showing rhythmic behaviors synchronously with external cueing; however, the underpinning neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays a key role by coordinating both proactive and reactive motor outcomes based on contextual mental imagery. To test our hypothesis, a missing-oddball task in finger-tapping paradigms was conducted in 33 healthy young volunteers. The dynamic properties of the dACC were evaluated by event-related deep-brain activity (ER-DBA), supported by event-related potential (ERP) analysis and behavioral evaluation based on signal detection theory. We found that ER-DBA activation/deactivation reflected a strategic choice of motor control modality in accordance with mental imagery. Reverse ERP traces, as omission responses, confirmed that the imagery was contextual. We found that mental imagery was updated only by environmental changes via perceptual evidence and response-based abductive reasoning. Moreover, stable on-pulse tapping was achievable by maintaining proactive control while creating an imagery of syncopated rhythms from simple beat trains, whereas accuracy was degraded with frequent erroneous tapping for missing pulses. We conclude that the dACC voluntarily regulates rhythmic sensorimotor synchronization by utilizing contextual mental imagery based on experience and by creating novel rhythms.

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Detectability and Bias Indices of Pneumatic Corneal Stimuli Using Signal Detection Theory

Cited by 3 publications

References 104 publications

Multiple Criterion and Multiple Stimulus Signal Detection Theory Analysis of Corneal Painful and Cool Pneumatic Stimuli

Multiple Criterion and Multiple Stimulus Signal Detection Theory Analysis of Corneal Painful and Cool Pneumatic Stimuli

A method for evaluating the risks of glucose dysregulation in daily life by continuous measurement of glucose excursions under reduced glycemic load: a pilot study

Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Coordinates Contextual Mental Imagery for Single-Beat Manipulation during Rhythmic Sensorimotor Synchronization

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