Detección de duelo complicado

Abstract

ResumenObjetivo: Conocer en profundidad el fenómeno del duelo complicado o patológico, y recabar aquellos indicadores de detección y evaluación que nos permitan su pronta identificación en la práctica clínica.Método: Tras una amplia revisión de la literatura científica aparecida en los últimos años, y a la luz de nuestra experiencia profesional, se realizó una recopilación de los indicadores más significativos.Resultados: Presentamos los principales criterios diagnósticos e instrumentos de medida utilizados en la actualidad, que permiten a los profesionales del ámbito de la salud valorar con precisión posibles complicaciones en el proceso de duelo.Conclusiones: Contamos con importantes indicadores e instrumentos de valoración del duelo complicado, siendo cada vez mayor el reconocimiento de este diagnóstico clínico como una entidad propia, por parte de la comunidad científica. Resulta fundamental el desarrollo de la investigación en duelo complicado con miras a optimizar las posibilidades de apoyo emocional.Palabras clave: El final de la vida, duelo complicado, indicadores de detección, factores protectores, factores de riesgo, criterios diagnósticos, instrumentos de medida. Abstract Aim: A thorough study of the complicated or pathological grief phenomenon and a recapitulation of those detection and assessment indicators enabling a speedy identification in the clinical practice.Method: A compilation of the most significant indicators was carried out after a large research on the scientific literature appeared latterly and the results derived from our professional experience.Results: A presentation of the major diagnosis criteria and tools used at present, which allow professionals of the field of health to a more precise valuation of possible complications happening during the grief process.Conclusions: We rely on important indicators and grief assessment tools since the recognition of such clinical diagnosis is gaining in importance, thus becoming a matter of significance within the scientific community. Consequently, a development in the investigation of the complicated grief aimed at optimizing the possibilities of the emotional support should be considered a must.

Predictors in Complicated Grief: Supporting Families in Palliative Care Dealing with Grief

“…It is also important to identify those factors that may protect people who are going to experience a grief process. The efficient and effective clinical intervention has always considered important both the recovery and the promotion of the individual's resources and attention to their deficits (Barreto et al, 2008). However, there is little information from which we can draw definite conclusions.…”

“…Complicated grief interferes significantly in the overall functioning of people, compromising their health and as stated by Maddocks (2003), it may last for years or even become chronic (Barreto et al, 2008) It is difficult to estimate the incidence of complicated grief in the general population. Different authors are interested in this problem and have observed that after the loss of a significant person, speaking of estimated averages, in the general population, two thirds of mourners evolve normally and the rest suffer alterations in their physical health, mental health or both (Olmeda, García Olmos & Basurte, 2002).…”

“…They may be considered normal if it does not last longer or there is no suspicious of the presence of pathological mourning. On the other hand, the loss of loved ones is among the major psychosocial problems related to primary support group and social environment, classified on axis IV of the multiaxial classification (Barreto et al, 2008;Stroebe & Schut, 2001;Hansson & Stroebe, 2007;Tomarken et al, 2008).…”

“…Given this scenario, good practice requires evaluating the existence of risk factors, the evolution of the manifestations during the process, the collection of family data which facilitate greater precision in the evaluation and the previous psychological alterations exhibited by family members in mourning (Kissane et al, 1997;Barreto et al, 2008;Chiu et al, 2010). All these factors give a personal profile which can detect individuals more prone to complications in the bereavement process and therefore in more need of specialized interventions (Barreto et al, 2008;Limonero et al, 2009;Kristjanson et al, 2005).…”

“…All these factors give a personal profile which can detect individuals more prone to complications in the bereavement process and therefore in more need of specialized interventions (Barreto et al, 2008;Limonero et al, 2009;Kristjanson et al, 2005).…”