Detailed examination of the combustion of diesel and glycerol emulsions in a compression ignition engine

Emberson, David R.; Wyndorps, Jan; Ahmed, Ahfaz; Bjørgen, Karl Oskar Pires; Løvås, Terese

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120147

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…To analyze the behavior during the diffusion combustion period, the instantaneous FLOL was calculated by integrating the OH* intensity in each pixel column of the optical image and applying a threshold. Further details on the FLOL methodology can be found in our previous publication [29].…”

Section: Optical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compute the SSG, the natural luminosity is integrated into each pixel column of the optical image and then graphed against the distance from the injector nozzle. This technique has been previously utilized by the authors [29]. The optical setup arrangement is illustrated in Figure 5.…”

Section: Optical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a shorter ID, the combustion initiates closer to the fuel injector nozzle. Since the flame stabilizes near the point of combustion initiation, this leads to a shorter FLOL [29]. The FLOL of BCDM10 is slightly longer compared to HTDM10 because of its longer ID.…”

Section: Flame Lift-off Length (Flol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Renewable Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Biofuel: A Combustion and Emissions Study in an Optical Engine

Khare,

Bjørgen,

Kohansal

et al. 2023

Energies

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This study involves the investigation of municipal solid waste (MSW) based biofuel in order to demonstrate its utilization as a diesel blendstock in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The biofuel was produced from the Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) process. The tested biofuels represented both distilled (known as nonupgraded HTL biofuel) and hydrotreated (known as upgraded HTL biofuel) fuels, obtained from raw bio-crude. The effects of the HTL biofuel and diesel blending on the combustion and emission characteristics were investigated. A comparative study of nonupgraded and upgraded HTL biofuel in terms of combustion and emissions was conducted. The upgraded HTL biofuel was blended with reference diesel (RD) by 5%, 10%, and 40% by weight, respectively, and the nonupgraded HTL biofuel was blended with RD by 10% by weight. The experiments were conducted in an optically accessible compression ignition chamber (OACIC) with engine-like thermodynamic conditions. The parameters were recorded at a constant speed and at fixed thermodynamic conditions. The heat release rate (HRR), in-cylinder pressure, ignition delay (ID), flame lift-off length (FLOL), and in-flame soot were measured. The PM, CO, NOx, and CO2 were also recorded. In summary, the HTL blends exhibited a close resemblance to the reference diesel across a range of combustion parameters and regulated emissions. Furthermore, the upgraded HTL blends outperformed the nonupgraded blend in terms of both combustion characteristics and emissions.

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Section: Optical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Renewable Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Biofuel: A Combustion and Emissions Study in an Optical Engine

Khare,

Bjørgen,

Kohansal

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…Such engines should have low environmental penalties and high fuel efficiency. A promising direction in achieving low environmental penalties is using new types of fuels [1] and fuel emulsions [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Thermopressor with Incomplete Evaporation for Gas Turbine Intercooling Systems

Løvås

Konovalov

et al. 2022

Energies

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One of the promising ways to increase fuel and modern gas turbine energy efficiency is using cyclic air intercooling between the stages of high- and low-pressure compressors. For intercooling, it is possible to use cooling in the surface heat exchanger and the contact method when water is injected into the compressor air path. In the presented research on the cooling contact method, it is proposed to use a thermopressor that implements the thermo-gas-dynamic compression process, i.e., increasing the airflow pressure by evaporation of the injected liquid in the flow, which moves at near-sonic speed. The thermopressor is a multifunctional contact heat exchanger when using this air-cooling method. This provides efficient high-dispersion liquid spraying after isotherming in the high-pressure compressor, increasing the pressure and decreasing the air temperature in front of the high-pressure compressor, reducing the work on compression. Drops of water injected into the air stream in the thermopressor can significantly affect its characteristics. An increase in the amount of water increases the aerodynamic resistance of the droplets in the stream. Hence, the pressure in the flow parts of the thermopressor can significantly decrease. Therefore, the study aims to experimentally determine the optimal amount of water for water injection in the thermopressor while ensuring a positive increase in the total pressure in the thermopressor under conditions of incomplete evaporation. The experimental results of the low-consumption thermopressor (air consumption up to 0.52 kg/s) characteristics with incomplete liquid evaporation in the flowing part are presented. The research found that the relative water amount to ensure incomplete evaporation in the thermopressor flow part is from 4 to 10% (0.0175–0.0487 kg/s), without significant pressure loss due to the resistance of the dispersed flow. The relative increase in airflow pressure is from 1.01 to 1.03 (5–10 kPa). Based on experimental data, empirical equations were obtained for calculating the relative pressure increase in the thermopressor with evaporation chamber diameters of up to 50 mm (relative flow path length is from 3 to 10 and Mach number is from 0.3 to 0.8).

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“…The emulsion of glycerol with diesel has been extensively researched for utilization of glycerol in internal combustion engine as operating fuel due to the immiscibility of the fuels [24,25]. The combustion of emulsified glycerol-diesel led to improved soot emission with no penalty on the brake thermal efficiency [24]. Eaton et al [26] examined the combustion and emission characteristics of glycerol-biodiesel emulsified fuels in a medium speed diesel engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow field, flame structure and emissions quantifications of oxygenated glycerol in a swirl flame combustor

Xie

Chong

Wang

et al. 2022

Fuel

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Detailed examination of the combustion of diesel and glycerol emulsions in a compression ignition engine

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

New Renewable Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Biofuel: A Combustion and Emissions Study in an Optical Engine

New Renewable Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Biofuel: A Combustion and Emissions Study in an Optical Engine

Investigation of Thermopressor with Incomplete Evaporation for Gas Turbine Intercooling Systems

Flow field, flame structure and emissions quantifications of oxygenated glycerol in a swirl flame combustor

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