Detailed computational analysis of flow dynamics in an extended respiratory airway model

Shang, Yidan; Dong, Jingliang; Tian, Lin; Inthavong, Kiao; Tu, Jiyuan

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.12.006

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Prism layers were attached to near wall regions, and a final mesh of 2.9 million elements was used after mesh independence study. Detailed mesh independence study information can be found from author's previous work …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To bridge the remaining research gap, a comprehensive UFP deposition analysis in a realistic respiratory airway was performed. This work represents a continuation of author's previous airflow dynamics work using the same airway model, in which a realistic respiratory airway model extending from nasal and mouth openings to distal bronchial airways was reconstructed. Breathing mode effects on both compartment and localised deposition patterns were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrafine particle deposition in a realistic human airway at multiple inhalation scenarios

Dong

Shang

Tian

et al. 2019

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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The scarcity of regional deposition data in distal respiratory airways represents an important challenge for current toxicology and pharmacology research. To bridge this gap, a realistic airway model extending from nasal and oral openings to distal bronchial airways with varying pathway length was built in this study. Transport and deposition characteristics of naturally inhaled ultrafine particles (UFPs) ranging from 1 to 100 nm were numerically investigated, and effects of different inhalation scenarios were considered. To enable intercase particle deposition comparison, an adjusted parameter, unified deposition enhancement factor (UDEF), was proposed for quantifying the localised deposition concentration. Results show that compartment particle deposition peaked around the ultrafine end of the considered size range, and it dropped rapidly with the increase of particle size. Different inhalation modes caused notable deposition changes in the extrathoracic region, while its effects in the TB airway are much less. For UFPs larger than 10 nm, predicted deposition efficiencies in all compartments are all at lowest levels among considered particle size range, implying UFPs ranging from 10 to 100 nm can travel through the whole respiratory airway model and escape to the alveolar region. Furthermore, high enhancement factors were observed at the vicinity of most bifurcation apexes, and more even UDEF distribution was observed from 1‐nm particle cases. While for 100‐nm cases, the deposited particles tend to concentrate at few “hot spots” (areas of high deposition concentration in relation to surrounding surfaces) with greater UDEF in the tracheobronchial airway.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine particle deposition in a realistic human airway at multiple inhalation scenarios

Dong

Shang

Tian

et al. 2019

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

Self Cite

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“…The regional airflow with axial velocity and secondary flow vortices were extracted. The results showed that while the secondary flow currents could be observed in the larynx-trachea segment as well as the left main bronchus, a smoother airflow with no secondary flow currents could be obtained for the terminal conducting airway in the right lower lobe [2]. Understanding of secondary flows could help elucidate the toxicology of PM and, thereby, help researchers to optimize pharmaceutical aerosol drug delivery [2].…”

Section: Lung-geometry Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been some progress in lung model reconstruction. Recently, Shang et al (2019) developed a realistic lung airway model from computed tomography (CT) images [2]. This model covers both subject-specific upper and lower airways, starts from the nasal and oral openings, and ends at the terminal bronchioles (15 th generation) ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Lung-geometry Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of Aerosol Deposition in the Human Respiratory Tract via Computational Models: A Review with Recent Updates

et al. 2020

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The measurement of deposited aerosol particles in the respiratory tract via in vivo and in vitro approaches is difficult due to those approaches' many limitations. In order to overcome these obstacles, different computational models have been developed to predict the deposition of aerosol particles inside the lung. Recently, some remarkable models have been developed based on conventional semi-empirical models, one-dimensional whole-lung models, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics models, and artificial neural networks for the prediction of aerosol-particle deposition with a high accuracy relative to experimental data. However, these models still have some disadvantages that should be overcome shortly. In this paper, we take a closer look at the current research trends as well as the future directions of this research area.Atmosphere 2020, 11, 137 2 of 27 PM Cd , and PM Pb ), the annual limit values are 6, 5, and 500 ng/m 3 , respectively (Directives 1999/30/EC and 2008/50/EC) [9]. Inhaled drug therapy can be a useful option against many lung diseases such as asthma or COPD. The efficiency of pharmaceutical aerosols depends on their deposition in the airways, especially the upper generations [10]. The estimation of aerosol transportation and deposition in the human lung can therefore indicate strategies for the prevention or alleviation of health effects from inhaled toxic particles or new drug-aerosol delivery approaches that can overcome the limitations of inhalers [11]. Atmospheric-aerosol deposition in the human respiratory tract (RT) can be directly measured by monitoring and comparing inhaled and exhaled particle concentrations. However, due to experimental limitations, the regional dose in the respiratory system is hard to measure experimentally but can be predicted by the application of different mathematical models. Suitable mathematical models are those that show a reasonable correlation between results obtained from modeling and empirical measurements [12]. Computational models generally consist of three elements: (1) a mathematical formulation that describes the relevant physical and chemical processes, (2) the setting of specific initial and boundary conditions, and (3) the solving of equations for the specified geometry. The accuracy of a computational model depends on the extent to which these elements are realistic. Additionally, regardless of the computational model that is applied, four types of input data are required: (1) lung morphometry, (2) breathing pattern, (3) particle properties, and (4) gas/vapor properties (Figure 1) [4]. The effects of these input data to the computational models were introduced in the review of Rostami (2009) and Hussain et al. (2011) [4,13]. In this review, we only present the advances of lung geometry models due to their strong relations to the accuracies of the computational models [4,13].

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Numerical Investigation of Incompressible Fluid Flow in Planar Branching Channels

Bodnár

Keslerová²,

Lancmanová³

2022

Recent Advances in Mechanics and Fluid-Structure Interaction With Applications

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Detailed computational analysis of flow dynamics in an extended respiratory airway model

Cited by 44 publications

References 48 publications

Ultrafine particle deposition in a realistic human airway at multiple inhalation scenarios

Ultrafine particle deposition in a realistic human airway at multiple inhalation scenarios

Prediction of Aerosol Deposition in the Human Respiratory Tract via Computational Models: A Review with Recent Updates

Numerical Investigation of Incompressible Fluid Flow in Planar Branching Channels

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