Detailed compositional characterization of plastic waste pyrolysis oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography coupled to multiple detectors

Toraman, Hilal Ezgi; Dijkmans, Thomas; Djokic, Marko; Geem, Kevin Van; Marin, Guy

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.017

Cited by 85 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…About the SD, the values were also similar to those described by Toraman and Collaborators when evaluating nitrogen compounds by GC × GC–NPD they observed values below of the 5%. In this study, the majority of the evaluated compounds were also in this range (see Table ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Quantification of nitrogen compounds in diesel fuel samples by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although several methods for the analysis of nitrogen compounds in diesel fuel have been described in the literature, the demand for rapid, sensitive, and robust analyses has increased in recent years. In this study, a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic method was developed for the identification and quantification of nitrogen compounds in diesel fuel samples. The quantification was performed using the standard addition method and the analysis was conducted using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with fast quadrupole mass spectrometry. This study is the first to report quantification of nitrogen compounds in diesel fuel samples using the standard addition method without fractionation. This type of analysis was previously performed using many laborious separation steps, which can lead to errors and losses. The proposed method shows good linearity for target nitrogen compounds evaluated (m-toluidine, 4-ethylaniline, indole, 7-methylindole, 7-ethylindole, carbazole, isoquinoline, 4-methylquinoline, benzo[h]quinolone, and acridine) over a range from 0.05 to 2.0 mg/L, and limits of detection and quantification of <0.06 and 0.16 mg/L, respectively, for all nitrogen compounds studied.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Quantification of nitrogen compounds in diesel fuel samples by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A common problem in biomass pyrolysis is the complexity of product spectra. The two‐dimensional chromatographic techniques, such as GC × GC and LC × LC (LC: liquid chromatography), have improved chromatographic resolution when compared to their single‐dimensional counterparts (Bahng et al, ; Carpenter et al, ; Kanaujia et al, ; Michailof et al, ; Negahdar et al, ; Toraman et al, , Toraman, Franz, et al ). For example, a simple GC system can separate the bio‐oil components based on either their boiling point or polarity depending on the stationary phase of the column used.…”

Section: Experimental Setups To Measure Pyrolysis Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At fast pyrolysis conditions (i.e., higher temperatures, heating rates and short residence times <1s), the formation of solid products is minimized and intermediate biomass molecules are converted into large amounts (65 wt% and higher) of liquid bio‐oil (Bahng et al, ; Bridgwater, ; Goyal et al, ). Bio‐oil consists of a significant amount of water, typically 10–25 wt%, oxygenates in the form of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, sugars, furans and phenols, and traces of sulfur and nitrogen compounds (Djokic, Dijkmans, Yildiz, Prins, & Van Geem, ; Negahdar et al, ; Toraman, Dijkmans, Djokic, Van Geem, & Marin, ; Venderbosch & Prins, ). Due to its high oxygen content, bio‐oil needs to be upgraded or stabilized to increase its heating value for its application in petroleum refineries (Demirbas, ; Meier et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring biomass fast pyrolysis kinetics: State of the art

SriBala

Carstensen

Marin

2018

WIREs Energy & Environment

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is considered to be a promising thermochemical route for the production of drop‐in fuels and valuable chemicals. During the past decades, a comprehensive understanding of feedstock structure, fast pyrolysis kinetics, product distribution, and transport effects that govern the process has allowed to design better pyrolysis reactors and/or catalysts. A variety of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, like corn stover, pinewood, poplar, and model compounds like glucose, xylan, monolignols have been utilized to study the thermal decomposition at or close to fast pyrolysis conditions. Significant progress has been made in understanding the kinetics by developing unique setups such as drop‐tube, PHASR, and micropyrolyzer reactors in combination with the use of advanced analytical techniques such as comprehensive gas and liquid chromatography (GC, LC) with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (TOF‐MS). This has led to initial intrinsic kinetic models for biomass and its main components, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, validated using experimental setups where the effects of heat and mass transfer on the performance of the process, expressed using Biot and pyrolysis numbers, are adequately negligible. Yet, not all aspects of fast pyrolysis kinetics of biomass components are equally well understood. The use of time‐resolved or multiplexed experimental techniques can further improve our understanding of reaction intermediates and their corresponding kinetic mechanisms. The novel experimental data combined with first principles based multiscale models can reshape biomass pyrolysis models and transform biomass fast pyrolysis to a more selective and energy efficient process. This article is categorized under: Energy and Climate > Climate and Environment Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials Bioenergy > Science and Materials

show abstract

“…In general, these pyrolysis oils are complex mixtures of n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, olefins, diolefins, iso-olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics with a wide carbon number distribution (C9-C25). It also contains a relatively low abundance of heteroatom compounds such as oxygen-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-containing compounds, as well as halogens and metals [14][15][16][17][18]. However, the compositions thereof vary widely depending on the plastic source used and the operating conditions applied (e.g., temperature, pressure, and residence time) [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Group-Type Characterization of Plastic-Waste Pyrolysis Oils: By Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Including Linear, Branched, and Di-Olefins

2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plastic-waste pyrolysis oils contain large amounts of linear, branched, and di-olefinic compounds. This makes it not obvious to determine the detailed group-type composition in particular to the presence of substantial amounts of N-, S-, and O-containing heteroatomic compounds. The thorough evaluation of different column combinations for two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), i.e., non-polar × polar and polar × non-polar, revealed that the second combination had the best performance, as indicated by the bi-dimensional resolution of the selected key compounds. By coupling the GC × GC to multiple detectors, such as the flame ionization detector (FID), a sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD), a nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (NCD), and a mass spectrometer (MS), the identification and quantification were possible of hydrocarbon, oxygen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-containing compounds in both naphtha (C5–C11) and diesel fractions (C7–C23) originating from plastic-waste pyrolysis oils. Group-type quantification showed that large amounts of α-olefins (36.39 wt%, 35.08 wt%), iso-olefins (8.77 wt%, 9.06 wt%), and diolefins (4.21 wt%, 4.20 wt%) were present. Furthermore, oxygen-containing compounds (alcohols, ketones, and ethers) could be distinguished from abundant hydrocarbon matrix, by employing Stabilwax as the first column and Rxi-5ms as the second column. Ppm levels of sulfides, thiophenes, and pyridines could also be quantified by the use of selective SCD and NCD detectors.

show abstract

Detailed compositional characterization of plastic waste pyrolysis oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography coupled to multiple detectors

Cited by 85 publications

References 51 publications

Quantification of nitrogen compounds in diesel fuel samples by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry

Quantification of nitrogen compounds in diesel fuel samples by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry

Measuring biomass fast pyrolysis kinetics: State of the art

Detailed Group-Type Characterization of Plastic-Waste Pyrolysis Oils: By Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Including Linear, Branched, and Di-Olefins

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About