Detailed characterization of particle emissions due to thermal failure of batteries with different cathodes

Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway: Experimental Analysis of Particle Deposition in Battery Module Environment

“…This is an important finding that helps to determine correct parameters for, e.g., simulation models of the gas-particle flow during TR. The found differences between the particle size ranges are potentially caused by the different oxidation characteristics due to different surface areas, which was already investigated in previous studies [18,22]. With increasing particle size, however, the decreasing trend at temperatures of T > 420 • C seems to be less significant.…”

“…Experimental and numerical studies have been conducted to investigate the behavior of the ejected gas and particles in order to explore potential strategies to prevent or mitigate the unexpected failure sequence. On the experimental side, previous studies focused on different topics such as the characteristics of the jet stream out of the vent [10][11][12][13], the elemental composition of the venting gas [14][15][16], the size distribution of the ejected particles [12,[16][17][18][19][20], and the elemental composition of the vented particles [14][15][16][17][20][21][22]. For example, Zou et al investigated the jet manifestation, temperature and velocity of a prismatic 38 Ah cell triggered by external heating into TR [10].…”

“…Zhang et al and Wang et al. also determined the elemental composition of the ejected particles within their studies [16,17,22]. Held et al focused on the contamination after a battery fire.…”

Advances and challenges in thermal runaway modeling of lithium-ion batteries

“…), 40 , 41 liquid-phase components (electrolyte droplets), and solid-phase materials (electrode particles, collector fragments, etc.). 42 , 43 As the reaction progresses, the violent burst of exothermic reactions can eventually lead to TR, along with a secondary gas venting event. The flammable gas mixture can also ignite, resulting in a jet fire.…”

Eco-friendly, compact, and cost-efficient triboelectric nanogenerator for renewable energy harvesting and smart motion sensing

“…Thus, the TENGs could replace conventional batteries to satisfy the new demand for powering IoT devices [ 17 ]. These conventional batteries have limited service life and contain harmful substances that can pollute the environment [ 18 , 19 ]. The TENGs need diode rectifier bridges to convert their variable output voltage to direct current (DC) output voltage.…”