Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p–n Junction Solar Cells

Shockley, W.; Queisser, H. J.

doi:10.4324/9781315793245-44

Cited by 644 publications

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“… 21 , 22 However, this kind of approach has been left out in the case of metastable perovskite, like the formamidinium perovskite, 23 due to the fast phase transition from the black α-phase to the yellow δ-phase, boosted after exposure to oxygen and water. Nevertheless, the lower bandgap of 1.48 eV of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPI) than MAPI, closer to the ideal one determined by the Schockley-Queisser limit, 24 has identified it as a superior candidate for single-junction solar cells. 25 − 27 Important milestones have been achieved in terms of the stability of the formamidinium PSCs prepared under controlled conditions in the glovebox, 28 − 30 but their fabrication in air has received less attention 31 and mostly at low-moisture conditions not under real ambient conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Boosting Long-Term Stability of Pure Formamidinium Perovskite Solar Cells by Ambient Air Additive Assisted Fabrication

et al. 2021

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Due to the high industrial interest for perovskite-based photovoltaic devices, there is an urgent need to fabricate them under ambient atmosphere, not limited to low relative humidity (RH) conditions. The formamidinium lead iodide (FAPI) perovskite α-black phase is not stable at room temperature and is challenging to stabilize in an ambient environment. In this work, we show that pure FAPI perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have a dramatic increase of device long-term stability when prepared under ambient air compared to FAPI PSCs made under nitrogen, both fabricated with N -methylpyrrolidone (NMP). The T 80 parameter, the time in which the efficiency drops to 80% of the initial value, increases from 21 (in N 2 ) to 112 days (in ambient) to 145 days if PbS quantum dots (QDs) are introduced as additives in air-prepared FAPI PSCs. Furthermore, by adding methylammonium chloride (MACl) the power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 19.4% and devices maintain 100% of the original performance for at least 53 days. The presence of Pb–O bonds only in the FAPI films prepared in ambient conditions blocks the propagation of α- to δ-FAPI phase conversion. Thus, these results open the way to a new strategy for the stabilization in ambient air toward perovskite solar cells commercialization.

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Boosting Long-Term Stability of Pure Formamidinium Perovskite Solar Cells by Ambient Air Additive Assisted Fabrication

et al. 2021

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“…Single-junction silicon solar cells are limited by the Shockley-Queisser limit to ~30% power conversion efficiency 1 with technologies aiming to surpass this limit currently under development. One of the more promising schemes is to use energetic up-or down-conversion materials, in conjunction with conventional devices, to capture energy that is either not absorbed or lost as heat within the solar cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4] Organic semiconductors (OSCs) offer excitonic up-or down-conversion through the processes of triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) or singlet exciton fission (SF), respectively. 5 SF is a process where a singlet (spin S=0) exciton converts into a pair of triplet (spin S=1) excitons via a spinzero triplet-pair state known as 1 (TT). 6 The formation of two low-energy triplet excitons from absorption of a single high-energy photon could be harnessed in solar energy devices to overcome thermalization losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The formation of two low-energy triplet excitons from absorption of a single high-energy photon could be harnessed in solar energy devices to overcome thermalization losses. 4,7,8 In the reverse process, TTA, a pair of low-energy triplet excitons combines to form a high-energy singlet exciton via the intermediate state 1 (TT), allowing up-conversion of energy. 9, 10 However, to date no material has proven ideal and solar up-or downconversion efficiencies remain low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Thermostable Protein Matrix for Spectroscopic Analysis of Organic Semiconductors

et al. 2020

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Advances in protein design and engineering have yielded peptide assemblies with enhanced and non-native functionalities.Here, various molecular organic semiconductors (OSCs), with known excitonic up-and down-conversion properties, are attached to a de novo-designed protein, conferring entirely novel functions on the peptide scaffolds. The protein-OSC complexes form similarly-sized, stable, water-soluble nanoparticles that are robust to cryogenic freezing and processing into the solidstate. The peptide matrix enables the formation of protein-OSC-trehalose glasses that fix the proteins in their folded states under oxygen-limited conditions. The encapsulation dramatically enhances the stability of protein-OSC complexes to photodamage, increasing the lifetime of the chromophores from several hours to more than 10 weeks under constant illumination. Comparison of the photophysical properties of astaxanthin aggregates in mixed-solvent systems and proteins shows that the peptide environment does not alter the underlying electronic processes of the incorporated materials, exemplified here by singlet exciton fission followed by separation into weakly-bound, localized triplets. The adaptable protein-based approach lays the foundation for spectroscopic assessment of a broad range of molecular OSCs in aqueous solutions and the solid-state, circumventing the laborious procedure of identifying the experimental conditions necessary for aggregate generation or film formation. The non-native protein functions also raise the prospect of future bio-compatible devices where peptide assemblies could complex with native and non-native systems to generate novel functional materials.

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“…同，因此，需要开发新的理论和研究方法计算半透明太阳能电池的热力学极限效率。但是，已有半透明太阳能电池的研究主要侧重材料 [5] 、电极 [6][7][8] 和器件 [9][10][11][12][13] 的实验研究，针对极限效率的理论研究较少 [14][15] 。一般认为，半透明太阳能电池只能用于建筑窗户 [16] ，因而 Lunt [15] 本研究从细致平衡原理 [3][4]…”

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Thermodynamic Efficiency Limits of Semitransparent Solar Cells

Yongji¹,

Liu²,

Li³

2022

Journal of Inorganic Materials

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Semitransparent photovoltaics (STPV) is a promising solar energy harvesting technology because it can be integrated to harness huge sun-facing areas of modern buildings for electricity generation. Its thermodynamic efficiency limits are of fundamental interest. This work extended the analyses from neutral STPV for building windows to those installed on the surface of colored building envelops according to the principle of detailed balance. Results show that the efficiency limit of STPV for blue building envelops is as high as 28.3%, which represents a 10% absolute enhancement compared to the neutral STPV for building windows (18.1%). These results demonstrate that STPV can be integrated into both windows and envelops of modern buildings, which has the potential to offset the low density of solar energy. This work also provides guidelines on the selection and the development of active materials for STPV.

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Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p–n Junction Solar Cells

Cited by 644 publications

References 0 publications

Boosting Long-Term Stability of Pure Formamidinium Perovskite Solar Cells by Ambient Air Additive Assisted Fabrication

Boosting Long-Term Stability of Pure Formamidinium Perovskite Solar Cells by Ambient Air Additive Assisted Fabrication

A Thermostable Protein Matrix for Spectroscopic Analysis of Organic Semiconductors

Thermodynamic Efficiency Limits of Semitransparent Solar Cells

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