“…The Shockley‐Queisser (SQ) limit is a famous method of calculating the PV efficiency 26 . Therefore this paper uses the SQ limit to establish the model of the PV: where J PV , J re , V PV , and T PV are the current, recombination current, voltage, and temperature of the PV, respectively, q is the electron charge, E g is the PV bandgap, O and I AM1.5 are the optical concentration ratio and the AM 1.5 Spectra, G is the solar radiation intensity,ℏ represents the Planck constant, k b means the Boltzmann constant and c is the speed of light.…”