Detailed Analysis of Random Pyramid Surfaces With Ray Tracing and Image Processing

Mäckel, Helmut; Holst, Hendrik; Löhmann, M.; Wefringhaus, E.; Altermatt, Pietro P.

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2016.2601947

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Similarly, they found a peak in the scattered reflections at angles much lower than those predicted by simulations. This supports reports 5,18,19 that the characteristic angle of most random pyramid textured surface is less than 54.74 and means that the proportion of reflected light trapped at the air-glass interface and redirected back onto an encapsulated cell will be reduced. More recently, Fung et al 20 is also presented, along with a discussion of the fraction trapped by TIR at the glass-air interface in an encapsulated texture.…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

“…Even though no measured data are expected at large polar scattering angles, the small signal in this region of the measured data is indicative of higher photon paths emerging on-axis. The 28 maximum polar scattering angle observed in the data corresponds to α ≈ 52 , which is within the range of 49 to 53 reported by Baker-Finch et al and others 4,5,18,19. Alkaline etching of silicon results in much faster etching of {100} planes compared with {111} planes, leading to well-defined random pyramids.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

“…In order to verify the angle ranges from Table 2, wide distribution. 5,11,[17][18][19] Some variation in peak base angle is expected as it will depend on the exact etch recipe and conditions employed for any particular sample.…”

Section: Warsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wavelength and angle resolved reflectance measurements of pyramidal textures for crystalline silicon photovoltaics

Scheul

Khorani

Rahman

et al. 2020

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Wavelength and angle resolved scattering (WARS) reflectance measurements are attractive to the photovoltaic (PV) industry as a means of characterizing the lighttrapping properties of a textured front surface. Moreover, at the PV module level, where a stack comprising encapsulants and glass is present, large angle scattering can promote total internal reflection at the interfaces and redirect light back towards the solar cell, thus increasing the photocurrent of the device. In this work, we present WARS measurements of a potassium hydroxide (KOH)etched random pyramid surface in the 6-90 range and identify the main paths the photons experience through reflections from various facets of the pyramids. Our results, combined with raytracing predictions, show that a reassessment of the morphology for simulation inputs is advised for a more comprehensive description of the experimental light paths due to a distribution of power across multiple scattering angles and a lower average pyramid base angle. In addition, we discuss the implications on the total amount of light trapped at the glass-air interface and show that for a typical encapsulant refractive index of 1.5, approximately 14.5% of the scattered light is predicted to be trapped by the fabricated pyramidal texture. This is a significant increase over the 3.8% calculated to be trapped when assuming a dihedral base angle fixed to 54.74 .

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supporting

confidence: 86%

supporting

confidence: 83%

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Wavelength and angle resolved reflectance measurements of pyramidal textures for crystalline silicon photovoltaics

Scheul

Khorani

Rahman

et al. 2020

Progress in Photovoltaics

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show abstract

“…Importantly, as more and more pyramids are formed on the surface, the surface area increases with the etching duration. In addition, the increase of the surface area is only dependent on the surface coverage rather than the size of the pyramids if the base angle of the pyramids is assumed to be the same . Thus, based on this assumption, the surface area of the Si will be the maximum possible after 45 min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyramid‐Textured Antireflective Silicon Surface In Graphene Oxide/Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Batmunkh

Dadkhah

et al. 2018

Energy & Environ Materials

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Antireflection layers are commonly used in photovoltaics to increase light absorption and therefore increase maximum photocurrent. Here, pyramid structures are created on Si surfaces with alkaline solution etching. The extent of pyramid coverage depends directly on the reaction time and as a result, the surface reflectance decreases with reaction time. A floating transfer method is used to fabricate heterojunction solar cells based on graphene oxide‐carbon nanotube and Si heterojunctions. The best device performance (photo current conversion efficiency of 13.01 ± 0.32%, which is much higher than the efficiency of the control devices (10.18 ± 0.33%)) was observed using with cells fabricated with the highest coverage (99.9%) of pyramids on the Si surfaces, which is determined to be a combined effect of reduced surface reflectance and increased effective heterojunction area per unit active area.

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“…Up until this point the generated texture used in simulations was random in nature, but only with respect to the peak height and the peak position of the micro-pyramids, while the base angle of the pyramids was kept at the value of the ideal base angle of approximately 54°. Following the studies in [13] and an analysis of the LSM measurements of the textured surface measured in-house, we improved the generated micropyramid texture by incorporating a normal distribution of base angles, centered around a slightly lower base angle of approximately 52°. This modification also further decreased the reflection an increased transmission in the region above 1000 nm.…”

Section: Realistic Micro-pyramid Texturementioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed 3D Optical Modelling of Interdigitated Back Contact Solar Cells

Kikelj

Lipovšek

Bokalič

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE 48th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

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A development and calibration of a detailed 3D coupled ray-wave optical model for accurate simulations of laterally varying photovoltaic structures is presented and applied for the analysis of interdigitated back contact cells. Four key aspects, which predominantly contribute to the accuracy of optical simulations are highlighted through the validation of the model. The applicability of the model is demonstrated through an example of electroluminescence simulations.

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Detailed Analysis of Random Pyramid Surfaces With Ray Tracing and Image Processing

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Wavelength and angle resolved reflectance measurements of pyramidal textures for crystalline silicon photovoltaics

Wavelength and angle resolved reflectance measurements of pyramidal textures for crystalline silicon photovoltaics

Pyramid‐Textured Antireflective Silicon Surface In Graphene Oxide/Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Detailed 3D Optical Modelling of Interdigitated Back Contact Solar Cells

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