Detailed analysis of menstrual bleeding patterns after postmenstrual and postabortal insertion of a copper IUD or a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

Suvisaari, Janne; Lähteenmäki, Pekka

doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(96)00189-8

Cited by 107 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similarly, Suvisaari and Lahteenmaki reported that spotting occurred frequently in the first 4-6 cycles after LNG-IUS insertion. However, after this transition period, regular menstrual cycles started to be seen with a decreasing number of days and amount of bleeding [22]. The present study was consistant with the literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Menstrual Bleeding Patterns and Development of Ovarian Cysts in Turkish Levonorgestrel- Releasing Intrauterine System Users

Naykı¹,

Naykı²,

Ulug³

et al. 2015

J Health Med Informat

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Objective: The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is a long acting, safe, and reversible method that has a strong contraceptive effect. When using this method, menstrual bleeding disturbance and functional ovarian cysts are common. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between using LNG-IUSs with the development of a functional ovarian cyst and bleeding disturbance in Turkish women Material and methods: This is a prospective study including 273 Turkish women with regular menstrual cycles who had been administered LNG-IUS for contraception. We assessed their one-year follow-up results regarding bleeding patterns and functional ovarian cysts. Results:Oligomenorrhea was the most commonly seen menstrual bleeding disorder, seen in 13.5% of all subjects. Oligomenorrhea occurred in the 4-6th months of using a LNG-IUS in 70.27% of the subjects. During the one-year follow-up, 28% of the subjects who were administered LNG-IUSs had ovarian cysts. While 36.36% of the ovarian cysts occurred within 4-6 months, 57.14% of them appeared between 7-12 months. Conclusion:During 1-year short-term follow-up of those using LNG-IUSs, approximately one thirds of the subjects developed functional ovarian cysts and 13.5% of all complained of oligomenorrhea.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Menstrual Bleeding Patterns and Development of Ovarian Cysts in Turkish Levonorgestrel- Releasing Intrauterine System Users

Naykı¹,

Naykı²,

Ulug³

et al. 2015

J Health Med Informat

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“…The 1-year amenorrhea rate of 18.6% for the entire ACCESS IUS cohort, which included women who had been using a LNG IUS in the month prior to enrollment, corroborates the historic rate. Small studies (200 or fewer subjects) have reported varying rates of 11% to 26% [10][11][12]. Most importantly, our findings demonstrate that the rate among new LNG 52 mg IUS users varies by participant characteristic from 13% to 19% and is most dependent on the number of days of menstrual bleeding reported at baseline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Still, amenorrhea is not the only pattern of decreased flow women experience with LNG 52 mg IUS use. Most women who are not amenorrheic experience light bleeding or spotting, a pattern considered favorable by LNG 52 mg IUS users [10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amenorrhea rates and predictors during 1 year of levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine system use

et al. 2018

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Objective: The objective was to evaluate amenorrhea patterns and predictors of amenorrhea during the first year after levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine system (IUS) placement. Study design: This cohort analysis includes 1714 nulliparous and parous women who received a Liletta® levonorgestrel 52 mg IUS in a multicenter trial to evaluate efficacy and safety for up to 8 years. Participants maintained a daily diary with bleeding information. We assessed bleeding patterns in 90-day intervals; amenorrhea was defined as no bleeding or spotting in the preceding 90 days. We employed multivariable regression to identify predictors of amenorrhea at 12 months. The predictor analysis only included women not using a levonorgestrel IUS in the month prior to study enrollment. Results: In the month before enrollment, 148 and 1566 women, respectively, had used and not used a levonorgestrel IUS. Prior users averaged 50±19 months of use before IUS placement; 38.4% of these women reported amenorrhea at 12 months. Amenorrhea rates for non-prior-users at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were 0.2%, 9.1%, 17.2% and 16.9%, respectively. During the first 12 months, 29 (1.7%) women discontinued for bleeding irregularities; no women discontinued for amenorrhea. The only significant predictor of amenorrhea at 12 months was self-reported baseline duration of menstrual flow of fewer than 7 days vs. 7 or more days (18.2% vs. 5.2%, adjusted odds ratio 3.70 [1.69, 8.07]). We found no relationships between 12-month amenorrhea rates and age, parity, race, body mass index, baseline flow intensity or hormonal contraception use immediately prior to IUS placement. Conclusions: Amenorrhea rates during the first year of levonorgestrel 52 mg IUS use are similar at 9 and 12 months. Amenorrhea at 12 months is most common among women with shorter baseline duration of menstrual flow. Implications statement: This information provides more data for clinicians when counseling women about amenorrhea expectations, especially since women seeking a levonorgestrel 52 mg IUS for contraception are different than women desiring treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding. Amenorrhea at 12 months is most common among women with shorter baseline duration of menstrual flow.

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“…52 The LNG IUS causes a decrease in both the number of days of bleeding and the amount of menstrual blood loss due to its local endometrial effects. 53 Similar to continuous oral contraceptive use, a common complaint and the most common reason for discontinuation of the LNG IUS is irregular bleeding during the first 3e4 months of use. In a 2-year follow-up study of 256 women using the LNG IUS, 44% reported amenorrhea at 6 months and this rate was stable at 50% at 12 and 24 months after insertion.…”

Section: Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual Suppression for Adolescents with Developmental Disabilities

Savasi

Spitzer

Allen

et al. 2009

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

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Detailed analysis of menstrual bleeding patterns after postmenstrual and postabortal insertion of a copper IUD or a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

Cited by 107 publications

References 16 publications

Menstrual Bleeding Patterns and Development of Ovarian Cysts in Turkish Levonorgestrel- Releasing Intrauterine System Users

Menstrual Bleeding Patterns and Development of Ovarian Cysts in Turkish Levonorgestrel- Releasing Intrauterine System Users

Amenorrhea rates and predictors during 1 year of levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine system use

Menstrual Suppression for Adolescents with Developmental Disabilities

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