Destruction of Cell Topography, Morphology, Membrane, Inhibition of Respiration, Biofilm Formation, and Bioactive Molecule Production by Nanoparticles of Ag, ZnO, CuO, TiO2, and Al2O3 toward Beneficial Soil Bacteria

Shahid

et al. 2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

Excessive use of fungicides in agriculture may result in substantial accumulation of active residues in soil, which affect crop health and yield. We investigated the response of Raphanus sativus (white radish) to fungicides in soil and potential beneficial interactions of radish plants with fungicide-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The PGPR were isolated from cabbage and mustard rhizospheres. Morphological and biochemical characteristics measured using standard methods, together with analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that fungicide-tolerant PGPR, isolates PS3 and AZ2, were closely related to Pseudomonas spp. These PGPR survived in the presence of high fungicide concentrations i.e., up to 2400 μg mL−1 carbendazim (CBZM) and 3200 μg mL−1 hexaconazole (HEXA). Bacterial isolates produced plant growth stimulants even under fungicide stress, though fungicides induced surface morphological distortion and alteration in membrane permeability of these bacteria, which was proved by a set of microscopic observations. Fungicides considerably affected the germination efficiency, growth, and physiological development of R. sativus, but these effects were relieved when inoculated with PGPR isolates. For instance, CBZM at 1500 mg kg−1 decreased whole dry biomass by 71%, whole plant length by 54%, total chlorophyll by 50%, protein content by 61%, and carotenoid production by 29%. After applying isolate AZ2 for white radish grown in CBZM (10 mg kg−1)-amended soil, it could improve plant growth and development with increased whole plant dry weight (10%), entire plant length (13%) and total chlorophyll content (18%). Similarly, isolate PS3 enhanced plant survival by relieving plant stress with declined biomarkers, i.e., proline (12%), malondialdehyde (3%), ascorbate peroxidase (6.5%), catalase (18%), and glutathione reductase (4%). Application of isolates AZ2 and PS3 could be effective for remediation of fungicide-contaminated soil and for improving the cultivation of radish plants while minimizing inputs of fungicides.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungicide-Tolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Mitigate Physiological Disruption of White Radish Caused by Fungicides Used in the Field Cultivation

Shahid

et al. 2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

“…These delivery systems can be regulated for single goals or multiple combinations viz; spatially target release, time-controlled release, remotely or self-regulated release to overcome the biological barriers in the successful target [ 21 , 58 – 60 ]. However, the efficacy of nanoencapsulation or nanocarriers is (1) to prevent pre-degradation of AI in the carrier before their release in the target (2) to improve penetration and ease solubility of AIs within the target site (3) to monitor or regulate the degradation of AIs in the desired site [ 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Nanoformulations As a Promising Tool In An Agricultural Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nanopesticides are also showing some adverse effects on crop plants directly or indirectly. The most favorable and used AgNPs and their complex nanoparticle have been attributed to their diverse range in each class of pesticides due to low toxicity but still many reported published that explained the drawback of these smart nanoagrochemicals [ 61 , 140 , 141 ] (Table 4 ). For example, In Vicia faba , the AgNPs internalization in leaves can abrupt the stomatal conductance CO 2 assimilation rate and photosystem II [ 142 ].…”

Section: Drawbacks Using Nanoagrochemicals On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart nanomaterial and nanocomposite with advanced agrochemical activities

et al. 2021

Conventional agriculture solely depends upon highly chemical compounds that have negatively ill-affected the health of every living being and the entire ecosystem. Thus, the smart delivery of desired components in a sustainable manner to crop plants is the primary need to maintain soil health in the upcoming years. The premature loss of growth-promoting ingredients and their extended degradation in the soil increases the demand for reliable novel techniques. In this regard, nanotechnology has offered to revolutionize the agrotechnological area that has the imminent potential over conventional agriculture and helps to reform resilient cropping systems withholding prominent food security for the ever-growing world population. Further, in-depth investigation on plant-nanoparticles interactions creates new avenues toward crop improvement via enhanced crop yield, disease resistance, and efficient nutrient utilization. The incorporation of nanomaterial with smart agrochemical activities and establishing a new framework relevant to enhance efficacy ultimately help to address the social acceptance, potential hazards, and management issues in the future. Here, we highlight the role of nanomaterial or nanocomposite as a sustainable as well stable alternative in crop protection and production. Additionally, the information on the controlled released system, role in interaction with soil and microbiome, the promising role of nanocomposite as nanopesticide, nanoherbicide, nanofertilizer, and their limitations in agrochemical activities are discussed in the present review.

“…prevention and treatment Biofilms protect microbial cells from serious ecological situations, such as the toxicity of metals, ultraviolet introduction, lack of hydration and saltiness, acid exposure, and anti-toxins or other antimicrobial operators just as phagocytosis (Ahmed et al, 2020). The essential problem with bacterial biofilm infections is affinity to clearance of resistance by antimicrobial agents and host immune system when compared to their free (planktonic) partners.…”

Section: Biofilm-associated Infections Of S Epidermidismentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms: Functional molecules; relation to virulence and the host immune response

Abdul¹,

Raheem²,

Abdulrazaq³

et al. 2021

JLBSR

Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most significant nosocomial pathogen related to people with vulnerable frameworks such as malignant growth patients, neonates, and foreign body embedded materials such as heart valves. A few virulence factors in S. epidermidis can cause host damage in comparison to Staphylococcus aureus. In spite of that, the key roles of S. epidermidis virulency rely on biofilm formation, bacterial biofilm is essential for the pathogenesis by encouraging microorganisms to consist shape networks of assurance rather than free planktonic cells, hence resistance to antibacterial agents, and medically uninsured problems by colonizing medical indwelling, making the disease long span, and difficult to treat. The National Institute of Health (NIH) reported 65-80% of bacterial illnesses are biofilm formed, thus making numerous passing wellbeing additional costs. Therefore, the biofilms establishing on the susceptible hosts' tissues demonstrate; preventing antibiotics efficient treatment, protecting against host defense mechanisms, and announce the bacteria virulence determinants manifesting.