“…Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of fluorinated surfactants used in many industrial and consumer products including firefighting foams, food packaging, cookware, waterproof textiles, and personal care products. − PFASs are bioaccumulative and environmentally persistent due to their innate thermal and chemical stability. − Chronic exposure to even trace amounts of some PFASs has been associated with adverse health impacts, such as high cholesterol, thyroid disease, low birth weight, liver damage and kidney cancer. − Our understanding of the negative effects associated with many individual PFASs and PFAS mixtures continues to develop. , Because of their widespread use and environmental persistence, PFAS contamination is now a major health and environmental crisis, affecting water resources around the world. − In March 2023, the U.S. EPA proposed enforceable limits for six PFASs in drinking water . For example, the proposed maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for two legacy perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), are 4 ng L –1 , along with combined limits at similar concentrations for four others. , As PFAS regulations are established around the world, it is clear that PFASs should be phased out for all but the most critical and environmentally containable use cases, while legacy contamination is addressed through environmental remediation and degradation into benign byproducts. − …”