Destabilization of Whole Skin Lipid Bio-liposomes Induced by Skin Penetration Enhancers and FT-IR/ATR(Fourier Transform Infrared/Attenuated Total Reflection) Analysis of Stratum Corneum Lipids.

Nanoparticle Coated Submicron Emulsions: Sustained In-vitro Release and Improved Dermal Delivery of All-trans-retinol

“…The isoelectric point of the skin is between 3.5 and 4.8, hence the skin is negatively charged under physiological conditions (47,48). The higher skin uptake of all-trans-retinol in the presence of oleylamine in this study can also be related to the perturbation in the lipid structure of the stratum corneum; this has been demonstrated by the frequency alterations in the CHasymmetric stretching band near 2,920 cm −1 in the stratum corneum analysed with FT-IR/ATR (Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection) (49).…”

Mechanistic insight into the dermal delivery from nanoparticle-coated submicron O/W emulsions

“…The isoelectric point of the skin is between 3.5 and 4.8, hence the skin is negatively charged under physiological conditions 34, 35. The higher skin penetration of the lipophilic agents in the presence of oleylamine can also be related to the perturbation in the lipid structure of the stratum corneum; this was demonstrated by the frequency alterations in the CH asymmetric stretching band near 2920 cm −1 in the stratum corneum analysed with FT‐IR/ATR (Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection) 36…”