Desperately Seeking Dissonance

Booth, Andrew; Carroll, Christopher; Ilott, Irene; Low, Lee Lan; Cooper, Katy

doi:10.1177/1049732312466295

Cited by 102 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…21 Analysis of derived codes and theme recognition was carried out independently by the interviewer (SRB), a lecturer in qualitative methods (AL) and an additional senior medical student (SRM), to identify and understand potential multiple interpretations of the data and reduce the likelihood of producing results which were partial or biased. 24 This theme identification began before data collection was complete in order to explore initial findings in greater depth. All research activities were recorded in detail to allow methodological critical appraisal and increase trustworthiness, a concept used to describe reliability in qualitative research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of headaches on the quality of life of patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a qualitative study

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesHeadaches and facial pain have been identified as the most prevalent form of pain among patients with glioblastoma multiforme, the most common malignant primary brain tumour. Despite this, minimal research has been undertaken investigating the direct and indirect impact these headaches have on their quality of life. Therefore, in this study, we aimed at gaining a personal insight into the importance and impact that these headaches have on the quality of life of patients with glioblastoma multiforme.DesignExploratory study using face-to-face semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and then qualitatively analysed using thematic analysis.SettingParticipants recruited from a tertiary referral hospital in Birmingham, UK.ParticipantsPurposive sampling of 14 registered outpatients recently diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme.Results3 themes were identified: (1) an underlying attitude of determination and positivity; (2) impact of headache unpredictability on social interaction; (3) headaches found to act as a springboard onto thoughts regarding their disease and future.ConclusionsWhile the quality of life of patients with glioblastoma multiforme is clearly multifactorial, headaches do indeed play a part for some. However, it is not the direct pain of the headache as one might expect that impacts on the quality of life of these patients, but the indirect effect of headaches through limiting patients' social lives and by serving as a painful psychological reminder of having a life-threatening illness. In clinical practice, using headache diaries for these patients may help provide a more comprehensive assessment and further aid management plans. Alongside acting as an important reminder of the potential secondary implications of this disease, suggestions for future research include quantitatively investigating whether headaches can act as a prognostic indicator for quality of life within this patient demographic and determining whether these conclusions also hold true for a wider spectrum of patients with brain tumour.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of headaches on the quality of life of patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a qualitative study

et al. 2016

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“…These assessments were used to inform judgments on both the internal validity of the studies and, consequently, the validity of the synthesis findings. The latter was tested by a post-synthesis assessment of “dissonance” [8,25] and the effect of excluding “inadequately-reported” studies from the synthesis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative evidence synthesis of employees’ views of workplace smoking reduction or cessation interventions

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe need to reduce smoking rates is a recognised public health policy issue in many countries. The workplace offers a potential context for offering smokers’ programmes and interventions to assist smoking cessation or reduction. A qualitative evidence synthesis of employees’ views about such programmes might explain why some interventions appear effective and others not, and can be used to develop evidence-based interventions for this population and setting.MethodsA qualitative evidence synthesis of primary research exploring employees’ views about workplace interventions to encourage smoking cessation, including both voluntary programmes and passive interventions, such as restrictions or bans. The method used was theory-based “best fit” framework synthesis.ResultsFive relevant theories on workplace smoking cessation were identified and used as the basis for an a priori framework. A comprehensive literature search, including interrogation of eight databases, retrieved 747 unique citations for the review. Fifteen primary research studies of qualitative evidence were found to satisfy the inclusion criteria. The synthesis produced an evidence-based conceptual model explaining employees’ experiences of, and preferences regarding, workplace smoking interventions.ConclusionThe synthesis suggests that workplace interventions should employ a range of different elements if they are to prove effective in reducing smoking among employees. This is because an employee who feels ready and able to change their behaviour has different needs and preferences from an employee who is not at that stage. Only a multi-faceted intervention can satisfy the requirements of all employees.

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“…In this review a cross-section of topics related to health inequalities in socially disadvantaged groups was used to increase opportunities to find disconfirming cases. 165 Initial bias in case selection was reduced by conducting a comprehensive search for literature, and selecting topic areas with a substantive number of publications. Depth within each health topic was maximised by developing strategies for cluster searching, which produced sets of articles related to a single study.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of The Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can community-based peer support promote health literacy and reduce inequalities? A realist review

Harris

Springett

Croot

et al. 2015

Public Health Research

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BackgroundCommunity-based peer support (CBPS) has been proposed as a potentially promising approach to improve health literacy (HL) and reduce health inequalities. Peer support, however, is described as a public health intervention in search of a theory, and as yet there are no systematic reviews exploring why or how peer support works to improve HL.ObjectiveTo undertake a participatory realist synthesis to develop a better understanding of the potential for CBPS to promote better HL and reduce health inequalities.Data sourcesQualitative evidence syntheses, conceptual reviews and primary studies evaluating peer-support programmes; related studies that informed theoretical or contextual elements of the studies of interest were included. We conducted searches covering 1975 to October 2011 across Scopus, Global Health (including MEDLINE), ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database (PQDT) [including the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) and Social Work Abstracts], The King’s Fund Database and Web of Knowledge, and the Institute of Development Studies supplementary strategies were used for the identification of grey literature. We developed a new approach to searching called ‘cluster searching’, which uses a variety of search techniques to identify papers or other research outputs that relate to a single study.Study eligibility criteriaStudies written in English describing CBPS research/evaluation, and related papers describing theory, were included.Study appraisal and synthesis methodsStudies were selected on the basis of relevance in the first instance. We first analysed within-programme articulation of theory and appraised for coherence. Cross-programme analysis was used to configure relationships among context, mechanisms and outcomes. Patterns were then identified and compared with theories relevant to HL and health inequalities to produce a middle-range theory.ResultsThe synthesis indicated that organisations, researchers and health professionals that adopt an authoritarian design for peer-support programmes risk limiting the ability of peer supporters (PSs) to exercise autonomy and use their experiential knowledge to deliver culturally tailored support. Conversely, when organisations take a negotiated approach to codesigning programmes, PSs are enabled to establish meaningful relationships with people in socially vulnerable groups. CBPS is facilitated when organisations prioritise the importance of assessing community needs; investigate root causes of poor health and well-being; allow adequate time for development of relationships and connections; value experiential cultural knowledge; and share power and control during all stages of design and implementation. The theory now needs to be empirically tested via further primary research.LimitationsAnalysis and synthesis were challenged by a lack of explicit links between peer support for marginalised groups and health inequalities; explicitly stated programme theory; inconsistent reporting of context and mechanism; poor reporting of intermediate process outcomes; and the use of theories aimed at individual-level behaviour change for community-based interventions.ConclusionsPeer-support programmes have the potential to improve HL and reduce health inequalities but potential is dependent upon the surrounding equity context. More explicit empirical research is needed, which establishes clearer links between peer-supported HL and health inequalities.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012002297.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.

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Desperately Seeking Dissonance

Cited by 102 publications

References 40 publications

Investigating the impact of headaches on the quality of life of patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a qualitative study

Investigating the impact of headaches on the quality of life of patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a qualitative study

A qualitative evidence synthesis of employees’ views of workplace smoking reduction or cessation interventions

Can community-based peer support promote health literacy and reduce inequalities? A realist review

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