Excitation of Xe monolayers on alumina-supported silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by laser light in the (1,0) Mie plasmon resonance can lead to desorption of Xe atoms with hyperthermal energy and chaotic time structure. The chaotic behavior is most likely due to plasmonic coupling between AgNPs. We argue that the desorption is induced by direct energy transfer to the adsorbate from the Pauli repulsion of the collectively oscillating electrons of the plasmon at the surface. A simple model calculation shows that this is possible. A connection between both effects appears likely. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.225501 PACS numbers: 61.46.Df, 68.43.Tj, 71.45.Gm, 73.20.Mf Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in the size range 1 to 20 nm have special properties, not only in catalysis and other near ground state surface properties, but also with respect to electronic excitations and, consequently, to photoninduced surface reactions [1,2]. Important factors are the confinement of electronic and phononic excitations in the particles, which may lead to quite strong changes of their lifetimes. For MNPs containing quasifree electrons the most drastic change in the excitation spectrum is the existence of the so-called Mie plasmon [3]. These two effects can concur, leading to special properties of MNPs for photoreactions [2]. Drastic increases in photoreaction cross sections by excitation in the plasmon resonance have been observed [4 -8], with the first work [4] reporting the nonthermal evaporation of Na atoms from NaNPs in their plasmon range. However, it appears that-with the possible exception on ref.[4]-no clear indication of a unique action of the plasmon itself has been seen; all cases reported, e.g., of photodesorption, may be understood either in terms of cross section enhancement due to the plasmoninduced field enhancement without change of the nonthermal desorption mechanism [5][6][7], or by strongly enhanced thermal effects [8]. Nonthermal photodesorption usually occurs through the transient excitation of a repulsive adsorbate state. In the energy range concerned (about 2 to 4 eV) the main mechanism goes via transient negative ions (TNI mechanism): absorption of the light by the metal substrate creates hot electrons; the latter can form transient negative ions of the adsorbed species with shifted potentials which leads to momentum transfer and ultimatelyafter backtransfer of the excited electron to the substrateto desorption [9]. The events appear to be essentially the same in and off the plasmon resonance. The Mie plasmon is known to have a very short lifetime (of around 10 fs or less) [10] and partly decays into electron-hole pairs which can enter this mechanism. Besides these nonthermal processes, confinement of the large energy input into the MNPs in the plasmon resonance can also lead to strong thermal events (diffusion, shape changes, desorption), even in the MNPs themselves [11].Here we report a case of nonthermal desorption where the plasmon is not just a means to drastically increase the energy input into the MNPs, but...