Desktop Growth of Carbon‐Nanotube Monoliths with In Situ Optical Imaging

Hart, A. John; Laake, Lucas van; Slocum, Alexander H.

doi:10.1002/smll.200600716

Cited by 64 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Cracking of continuous nanotube forests has been previously observed by in situ optical imaging [24]. Here, up until t = 180 s the forest, grown at T = 720…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Several reports demonstrate that nanotube forests grow at an initially rapid rate which drops off either gradually [7,20,21] or suddenly [15,22,23]. Because nanotube forests are attached to a substrate and grown in such abundance, process monitoring can be as simple as making in situ videos of forest growth [4,21,22,24,25]. Due to the large number of nanotubes in close proximity within forests, mechanical stresses induced by interactions between nanotubes are very important factors contributing to their growth [10,18,24,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct termination morphologies for vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests

et al. 2009

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Distinct termination morphologies for vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests Vinten, P.; Marshall, P.; Lefebvre, J.; Finnie, P.Contact us / Contactez nous: nparc.cisti@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Abstract Vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests, including single-walled nanotubes, are imaged optically as they grow in situ from cobalt/alumina catalyst using water-assisted acetylene chemical vapor deposition. Three distinct termination morphologies are identified and investigated optically and via scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative growth dynamics are extracted and show gradual deceleration and sudden termination of growth. The termination morphology is discussed in terms of the balance of forces within the forest. We speculate that sudden termination is a collective effect arising from an imbalance in these forces.

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“…Cracking of continuous nanotube forests has been previously observed by in situ optical imaging [24]. Here, up until t = 180 s the forest, grown at T = 720…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct termination morphologies for vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests

et al. 2009

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“…[221] In the growth of aligned CNTs, the CNTs have similar lengths, and it is easy to design in situ methods to monitor the kinetics of aligned CNT growth. [222,223] The growth mark method was used to record the growth rate of aligned CNTs by adding marks during the growth process. [224] It was found that the growth rate was higher in the initial stage and then reached a constant value when the growth temperature was 953 K. Along with increasing C 2 H 2 partial pressure, the axial growth rates also increased, which indicated that the reaction cannot be zero-order in C 2 H 2 .…”

Section: Kinetics Of Cnt Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Mass Production: Principles and Processes

et al. 2011

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Our society requires new materials for a sustainable future, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most important advanced materials. This Review describes the state-of-the-art of CNT synthesis, with a focus on their mass-production in industry. At the nanoscale, the production of CNTs involves the self-assembly of carbon atoms into a one-dimensional tubular structure. We describe how this synthesis can be achieved on the macroscopic scale in processes akin to the continuous tonne-scale mass production of chemical products in the modern chemical industry. Our overview includes discussions on processing methods for high-purity CNTs, and the handling of heat and mass transfer problems. Manufacturing strategies for agglomerated and aligned single-/multiwalled CNTs are used as examples of the engineering science of CNT production, which includes an understanding of their growth mechanism, agglomeration mechanism, reactor design, and process intensification. We aim to provide guidelines for the production and commercialization of CNTs. Although CNTs can now be produced on the tonne scale, knowledge of the growth mechanism at the atomic scale, the relationship between CNT structure and application, and scale-up of the production of CNTs with specific chirality are still inadequate. A multidisciplinary approach is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the CNT industry.

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“…By decoupling these processes using two heating zones, one can achieve better control over the growth in terms of forest height. 19 For a typical growth, the first heating zone was heated to 850…”

Section: Appendix A: Carbon Nanotube Forest Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar electron source and thermionic solar cell

2012

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Common solar technologies are either photovoltaic/thermophotovoltaic, or use indirect methods of electricity generation such as boiling water for a steam turbine. Thermionic energy conversion based on the emission of electrons from a hot cathode into vacuum and their collection by an anode is also a promising route. However, thermionic solar conversion is extremely challenging as the sunlight intensity is too low for heating a conventional cathode to thermionic emission temperatures in a practical manner. Therefore, compared to other technologies, little has been done in this area, and the devices have been mainly limited to large experimental apparatus investigated for space power applications. Based on a recently observed “Heat Trap” effect in carbon nanotube arrays, allowing their efficient heating with low-power light, we report the first compact thermionic solar cell. Even using a simple off-the-shelf focusing lens, the device delivered over 1 V across a load. The device also shows intrinsic storage capacity

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Desktop Growth of Carbon‐Nanotube Monoliths with In Situ Optical Imaging

Cited by 64 publications

References 32 publications

Distinct termination morphologies for vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests

Distinct termination morphologies for vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests

Carbon Nanotube Mass Production: Principles and Processes

Solar electron source and thermionic solar cell

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