Desinformación Y Fact-Checking en Las Elecciones Uruguayas De 2019. El Caso De Verificado Uruguay

Cañabate, Juan Pedro Molina; Rosa, Raúl Magallón

doi:10.4067/s0718-48672021000100089

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, the results of the research showed that disinformation was distributed equally between social networks sources and the political candidates in an identical percentage of cases (40.9%). In that sense, the research is close to what is argued by Carlson (2020) and moves away from Molina and Magallón's (2021) study on the 2019 Uruguayan presidential election and from the results of Paniagua et al (2020) regarding the main sources of disinformation of the 2019 Spanish general election. Consequently, the first hypothesis of the research ("H1: The disinformation generated during the 2020 US presidential election came primarily from social networks sources") would be refuted by the reported results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Only a small number came from websites identified as well-known disinformation sites, while the rest came from partisan or satirical websites. Molina and Magallón (2021) also found in their study on the 2019 presidential election in Uruguay that the channel through which the greatest volume of disinformation was distributed was social networks (Facebook reached 44% above Twitter (2.9%) and WhatsApp (19.6%); the three of them represented 86.6% of the total disinformation).…”

Section: Channels For Disinformationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Although some authors consider that, in that election, the idea was only to promote the use of social networks (Carlson 2020) and that Twitter interactivity rates are traditionally low (Kwak et al 2010;Chadwick and Stanyer 2010;Verweij 2012), it is not surprising that social media users still rely on that source of disinformation, especially if we take into account how easily social networks allow sharing reworked information that is frequently published without going through an editorial or verification process (Spohr 2017). As Molina and Magallón (2021) proved during the analysis of the 2019 presidential election in Uruguay-which was equally polarized-the principal source of disinformation was represented by unknown users of social networks who spread fake news on WhatsApp or by means of false Twitter and Facebook accounts.…”

Section: Sources Of Disinformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include projects developed by Uscinski et al (2016) on the identical permeability of left-and right-wing voters to conspiracy theories, as well as by Pyrhönen and Bauvois (2020) on the effectiveness of conspiracy theories circulated on social networks and the one published by Paniagua et al (2020), who analyzed various types of hoaxes (false attribution of actions and false attribution of statements). The work of Molina and Magallón (2021) is also relevant, who examined the level of disinformation spilled by candidates during political elections, discovering that the latter increased as the electoral campaign and the holding of the election approached, as well as during the broadcasting of electoral debates between candidates. Finally, the study by Bozarth et al (2020) should be mentioned here, according to which the number of fake news disseminated during a general election season increased regardless of the topics discussed.…”

Section: Strategies Of Disinformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources, Channels and Strategies of Disinformation in the 2020 US Election: Social Networks, Traditional Media and Political Candidates

Pedriza

2021

Journalism and Media

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The dissemination of fake news during the conduct of an electoral campaign can significantly distort the process by which voters form their opinion on candidates and decide their vote. Cases of disinformation have been happening since the rise of social networks and the last presidential election held in 2020 in the United States was not an exception. The present research aims at analyzing the ways in which political disinformation is generated by different types of sources (social networks users, the media and political candidates) through various channels for communication (social and traditional media). Quantitative and qalitative methods were used to analyze a sample of news published during the election and verified by the most important fact-checking organizations in the United States and Europe. The results indicate that users of social networks spread false information on equal terms with presidential candidates, although the channel preferred to spread misleading messages was social networks in 67.4% of cases. The candidates relied on the use of classic disinformation strategies through traditional media, although the greatest degree of disinformation occurred when conspiratorial hoaxes were circulated through social networks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Channels For Disinformationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Sources Of Disinformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategies Of Disinformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources, Channels and Strategies of Disinformation in the 2020 US Election: Social Networks, Traditional Media and Political Candidates

Pedriza

2021

Journalism and Media

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“…However, in addition to this is the need to introduce alternative views in the academic field, complementary to the prevailing "Global North" (Mitchelstein & Boczkowski, 2021;Valenzuela et al, 2019). This is because, despite being significant, Latin-American fact-checking initiatives have not yet been adequately studied (Molina-Cañabate & Magallón-Rosa, 2021). In this research, we decided to approach Ibero-America (Latin American countries, plus Spain and Portugal) This is because as well as the cultural and linguistic ties binding the countries under this name, there is a large amount of collaboration between Latin America and Iberian fact-checkers.…”

Section: Fact-checking In Ibero-americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fact-checkers on social networks: analysis of their presence and content distribution channels

Gómez

González²,

García³

2022

Communication & Society

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Fact-checking is a thriving journalistic discipline that, in recent years, has gained great prominence as a tool in combating disinformation. The effectiveness of the work carried out by these journalistic initiatives depends not only on the quality of their content, but also on their ability to reach large audiences through the same channels by which disinformation spreads. In this context, we consider it important to know to what extent fact-checkers use social networks and other types of digital channels in order to deliver their fact-checks to a wide audience, whether there are differences between the practices developed by these actors according to the type of organisation to which they belong and whether there is a distinguishing element in this regard for Ibero-American fact-checkers. This article focuses on analysing the presence on social networks and the use of content distribution tools by 104 fact-checkers from all over the world pertaining to the International Fact-Checking Network in 2020. The results show significant differences in terms of network presence based on the type of entity to which fact-checkers belong, the independent fact-checkers being the ones using a wider variety of distribution channels. It has also been confirmed that Ibero-American fact-checkers have a greater presence on social networks, use more digital tools and provide more channels to share their content than the rest of the international sample.

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El fact-checking hispanohablante: competencias, dificultades y propuestas de mejora desde la perspectiva de sus profesionales

Herrero

Herrero-Damas

2021

EPI

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Fact-checking has become a global journalism movement that is considered essential to fight against disinformation and address demands for new communication processes. Spanish-speaking fact-checking is constantly growing, with the number of platforms in Latin America and Spain increasing by more than 100% from 2018 to 2021. Collaboration networks between these platforms are also being implemented to address disinformation beyond national borders in the Spanish-speaking world. However, academic research regarding this phenomenon has mainly focused on fact-checking practices without paying much attention to the professionals themselves: the fact-checkers. Understanding the challenges faced by these professionals in Spanish-speaking contexts is key to contributing to the development of this activity beyond the Anglo-Saxon perspective. In this work, we conducted a survey (n = 52) among Spanish and Latin American fact-checkers. The professionals were asked about their perception on fact-checking’s link to journalism, the competences they believed necessary for fact-checking, the main difficulties they usually face, as well as their thoughts on proposals for potential improvements. The survey results were then enriched by conducting 13 in-depth interviews of Spanish-speaking professionals and academics with expertise in fact-checking. Studying these variables is key to design new, more adequate and attractive curricular proposals to improve the training of future journalists and help them face the enormous and complex but necessary and urgent task of fighting disinformation. Resumen La verificación de informaciones, o fact-checking, se ha convertido en un movimiento periodístico global fundamental para hacer frente a la desinformación y a las nuevas demandas de los ecosistemas comunicativos. El panorama hispanohablante no es ajeno al desarrollo del fact-checking: el número de plataformas de verificación en español ha crecido más de un 100% desde 2018 y las redes de colaboración entre iniciativas hispanas se han consolidado especialmente durante la pandemia por coronavirus. Sin embargo, la investigación ha puesto el foco principalmente en los procesos y las dinámicas de verificación, y no tanto en los protagonistas del fact-checking: los fact-checkers. Entender los retos a los que se enfrentan estos profesionales en el marco hispanohablante parece esencial para contribuir al desarrollo de esta especialidad más allá del contexto anglosajón, que ha recibido hasta ahora una mayor atención académica. En este trabajo se desarrolla una encuesta (n=52) entre verificadores de España y Latinoamérica para conocer su percepción sobre el grado de vinculación del fact-checking con el periodismo, las competencias que consideran necesarias para llevar a cabo su tarea profesional, las principales dificultades a las que se enfrentan, así como su visión sobre posibles propuestas de mejora. En una segunda fase, se enriquecieron los resultados con la realización de 13 entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales y estudiosos del fenómeno en el marco hispano. El estudio de estas variables resulta, además, de gran interés a la hora de diseñar propuestas curriculares acertadas y atractivas que mejoren la formación de los futuros periodistas en la titánica, compleja, necesaria y urgente tarea de combatir la desinformación.

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Desinformación Y Fact-Checking en Las Elecciones Uruguayas De 2019. El Caso De Verificado Uruguay

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Sources, Channels and Strategies of Disinformation in the 2020 US Election: Social Networks, Traditional Media and Political Candidates

Sources, Channels and Strategies of Disinformation in the 2020 US Election: Social Networks, Traditional Media and Political Candidates

Fact-checkers on social networks: analysis of their presence and content distribution channels

El fact-checking hispanohablante: competencias, dificultades y propuestas de mejora desde la perspectiva de sus profesionales

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