Designing the Participation on Local Development Planning: From Literature Review to Adaptive Framework for Practice

Abstract

This exploratory review of the literature provides a comprehensive overview of the settings that are available to the planner when managing participatory strategic planning of spatial socio-economic development on the local level. We contextualize individual potential configurations of participation in local development planning practice, documented in a number of case studies from different parts of the world, in order to reflect the multidimensionality of the participatory planning process. These reflections are used to build a participation plan model, which aimed to help local planners, especially local governments, to optimize the participation of local stakeholders, according to the specifics of the local environment. The paper evaluates the options of planners to manage the participation from perspective of the organization of participation, the determination of its scope, selection of stakeholders, methods and techniques of communication, decision-making and visualization, as well as the deployment of resources, or the possibility of promotion and dissemination of information. As a practical implication of this review, we compose a participation matrix, which is intended to be an auxiliary tool for planners to establish own locally-specific participation plans and that can serve as tool for education, or life-long learning of planners.

Exploring the Scope of Public Participation for Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning in Nepal: A Policy Review

“…However, without creating guidelines and frameworks for public participation, the benefits of engaging with stakeholders in planning can be counterproductive. This is also reflected in [67], who compare several case studies of participation that had been conducted without guidelines, and observed instances of tokenistic, and overly open participation, that resulted in unrealistic action plans, formulation of goals that did not reflect the needs of community members, and conflicts between local stakeholders and authorities.…”

Media Coverage of 3D Visual Tools Used in Urban Participatory Planning

“…Participatory approaches have to be shaped according to specific settings in order to be meaningful (Reed, 2008). The nature of these settings is wide-ranging and fluctuates between contextual factors (such as economic, political, social, or linked to the urban project) and technical parameters (e.g., selected medium, visual representation, immersion, device); also, human factors play an active role in the design of the approach (according to the affinity or the experience of the team in charge of designing the approach; Bouzguenda et al, 2020;Bryson et al, 2012;Hrivnák et al, 2021;Ling et al, 2009;Luciano et al, 2018;Sieber, 2006). Digitally generated 3D visual tools as vehicles for the interaction during participatory sessions reflect these various aspects.…”

Rural Community-Perceived Benefits of a Music Festival

“…Therefore, the organization of events and festivals represents, both for residents and for visitors, many opportunities which can be educational, cultural and also economic, manifesting themselves in a positive and beneficial way [44,45]. On the other hand, the organization of these events and festivals improves people's health through relationships and social interactions [46], and facilitates the exchange of ideas between communities and how they communicate, with the end result reducing depression and loneliness and allowing individuals to acquire a sense of belonging to a community and a place [47,48], but also creating the premises for better participation of both rural residents and stakeholders in order to build a viable and sustainable local development strategies [48]. Studies which approach and analyze community perceptions of sustainable tourism development [3,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55] usually consider three dimensions (economic, environmental and socio-cultural) as a whole, and rarely focus on a specific one, such as the socio-cultural dimension, as a key element for gaining community support.…”