Designing the Composition of Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Using Artificial Neural Networks

Anysz, Hubert; Narloch, Piotr

doi:10.3390/ma12091396

Cited by 48 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The stabilization of rammed earth is highly beneficial for the mechanical and durability properties of the structure [5]. On the other hand, adding cement to the soil mix reduces the possibility of recycling the material [6]. Furthermore, the stabilization by cement reduces the passive air conditioning ability of earthen walls [7].…”

Section: Rammed Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Durability in A Humid Continental Climate

Narloch

Woyciechowski

2020

Buildings

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The article compared the test results of a number of features determining the durability of rammed earth durability in a humid continental climate. The results of wet to dry compressive strength ratio, frost resistance, linear shrinkage, resistance to erosion under the influence of a stream of pressurized water, and resistance to erosion under the influence of cyclic wetting and drying were presented. All of the tests were done on the same soil-cement mixture. On this basis, it was determined which of the methods of durability assessment is more and which is less restrictive. A new method for assessing the durability of CSRE in a humid continental climate has been proposed, which is the frost resistance test. This test is determined by the method that is described in the national annex of the European concrete standard of one of the temperate climate countries. The article also shows that a minimum of 9% of the cement additive and a soil mixture containing a gravel fraction are required, in order to ensure adequate rammed earth durability in a humid continental climate (i.e., frost resistance).Buildings 2020, 10, 26 2 of 20 size of the obtained soil, modifies the soil mixture. The need for cement stabilization is determined, among other things, by the exposure conditions of the rammed earth building and the requirements in terms of mechanical properties [3]. The ingredients are mixed together in an air-dry state and water is then added to ensure that the mixture is sufficiently moist, and therefore able to obtain sufficient workability for compaction by ramming. The layers of the moist, loose mixture are laid in formwork and then compacted with a traditional or mechanized rammer. Once the layer has been properly compacted, further layers are successively added until the planned height of the element is reached. The formwork is then removed. The compaction of layers is intended to reduce the porosity of the material, which involves an increase in its bulk density.Buildings 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 20 the grain size of the obtained soil, modifies the soil mixture. The need for cement stabilization is determined, among other things, by the exposure conditions of the rammed earth building and the requirements in terms of mechanical properties [3]. The ingredients are mixed together in an air-dry state and water is then added to ensure that the mixture is sufficiently moist, and therefore able to obtain sufficient workability for compaction by ramming. The layers of the moist, loose mixture are laid in formwork and then compacted with a traditional or mechanized rammer. Once the layer has been properly compacted, further layers are successively added until the planned height of the element is reached. The formwork is then removed. The compaction of layers is intended to reduce the porosity of the material, which involves an increase in its bulk density.

show abstract

Section: Rammed Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Durability in A Humid Continental Climate

Narloch

Woyciechowski

2020

Buildings

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over the last years, artificial neural networks featuring strong theoretical bases and usefulness in practice have become increasingly important as algorithms of modelling and analysing measuring data [10]. Similar possible applications were confirmed by resolving building, surveying, cartography, cadastre, geotechnical and photogrammetry issues [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In this study, the development of results with polar and intersection methods was correlated with the analysis using a neural network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The use of classical methods and neural networks in deformation studies of hydrotechnical objects

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objects’ measurements often boil down to the determination of changes due to external factors affecting on their structure. The estimation of changes in a tested object, in addition to proper measuring equipment, requires the use of appropriate measuring methods and experimental data result processing methods. This study presents a statement of results of geometrical measurements of a steel cylinder that constitutes the main structural component of the historical weir Czersko Polskie in Bydgoszcz. In the initial stage, the estimation of reliable changes taking place in the cylinder structure involved the selection of measuring points essential for mapping its geometry. Due to the continuous operation of the weir, the points covered only about one-third of the cylinder area. The set of points allowed us to determine the position of the cylinder axis as well as skews and deformations of the cylinder surface. In the next stage, the use of methods based on artificial neural networks allowed us to predict the changes in the tested object. Artificial neural networks have proved to be useful in determining displacements of building structures, particularly hydro-technical objects. The above-mentioned methods supplement classical measurements that create the opportunity for carrying out additional analyses of changes in a spatial position of such structures. The purpose of the tests is to confirm the suitability of artificial neural networks for predicting displacements of building structures, particularly hydro-technical objects.

show abstract

“…In addition, it was necessary to increase the air-tightness of the building envelope. Based on our own research [38][39][40], it was assumed that both improvements will cost 815 EUR in the NF40 and 1500 EUR in the NF15.…”

Section: Construction Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Optimal Plus Energy Building in a Cold Climate

Firląg

2019

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main objective of this article is to propose possible requirements for cost-optimal plus energy building in a cold, heating dominated climate. The open question is what is more cost-effective: reduction of energy demand or increase of production from renewable energy sources. The target of the research was to check which solution has the lowest investment and maintenance costs. The analysis was made for a single-family house located in central Poland, including three different energy standards: WT2021 with energy need for heating ≤100 kWh/(m² year), NF40 with energy need for heating ≤40 kWh/(m² year) and NF15 with energy need for heating ≤15 kWh/(m² year)). Air and ground source heat pumps were used as a heat source and a photovoltaic system for the production of the electrical energy. For each case the investment and running costs were calculated very precisely, taking into account heating, ventilation, domestic hot water and auxiliary systems. Global cost for a 30-year period showed that house variants with air source heat pumps are more cost effective. The investment, replacement and maintenance cost related with energy systems have the biggest share in the global cost. Reaching the plus energy standard was possible only in the case of low-energy standard NF40 and NF15. Based on this research the proposed requirements for plus energy single-family residential buildings in central Poland are the following: the final (delivered) electrical energy demand (including heating, ventilation, domestic hot water and auxiliary systems) <45 kWh/(m² year) and the on-site electrical energy production >45 kWh/(m² year).

show abstract

Designing the Composition of Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Using Artificial Neural Networks

Cited by 48 publications

References 32 publications

Assessing Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Durability in A Humid Continental Climate

Assessing Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Durability in A Humid Continental Climate

The use of classical methods and neural networks in deformation studies of hydrotechnical objects

Cost-Optimal Plus Energy Building in a Cold Climate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About