Designing the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage Element and Integrating the Stack at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center

Abstract

Fielding an integrated launch vehicle system entails many challenges, not the least ofwhich is the fact that it has been over 30 years since the United States has developed a human-rated vehicle -the venerable Space Shuttle. Over time, whole generations of rocket scientists have passed through the aerospace commun ity without the opportunity to perform such exacting, demanding, and rewarding work. However, with almost 50 years of experience leading the design, development, and end-to-end systems engineering and integration of complex launch vehicles, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center offers the in-house talent -both junior-and senior-level personnel -to shape a new national asset to meet the requirements for safe, reliable, and affordable space exploration solutions.' These personnel are housed primarily in Marshall's Engineering Directorate and are matrixed into the programs and projects that reside at the rocket center. Fortunately, many Apollo era and Shuttle engineers, as well as those who gained valuable hands-on experience in the 1990s by conducting technology demonstrator projects such as the Delta-Clipper Experimental Advanced, X-33, X-34, and X-37, as well as the short-lived Orbital Space Plane, work closely with industry partners to advance the nation's strategic capability for human access to space. Currently, only three spacefaring nations have this distinction, including the United States, Russia, and, more recently, China. The U.S. National Space Policy of2006 directs that NASA provide the means to travel to space, and the NASA Appropriations Act of2005 provided the initial funding to begin in earnest to replace the Shuttle after the International Space Station construction is complete in 20 IO? These and other strategic goals and objectives are documented in NASA 's 2006 Strategic Plan. 3 In 2005, a team of NASA aerospace experts conducted the Exploration Systems Architecture Study, which recommended a two-vehicle approach to America's next space transportation system for missions to the International Space Station in the next decade and to explore the Moon and establish an outpost around the 2020 timeframe.4 Based on this extensive study, NASA selected the Ares I crew launch vehicle configuration and the heavy-lift Ares V cargo launch vehicle (fig 1). This paper will give an overview of NASA 's approach to integrating the Ares I vehicle stack using capabilities and assets that are resident in Marshall's Engineering Directorate, working in partnership with other NASA Centers and the U.S. aerospace industry. It also will provide top-level details on the progress of the in-house design of the Ares I vehicle's upper stage element.

Thermo-structural analysis of cryogenic tanks with common bulkhead configuration

“…In launch vehicles, cryogenic stages are widely used because of their versatile advantages such as nontoxic and environment-friendly, high specific impulse. 1,2 The traditional design of cryogenic stages contains liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid hydrogen (LH2) in two separate tanks generally connected through tubular truss elements, 3 as shown in Figure 1(a) and (b). However, the load transfer from the LH2 tank to the LOX tank is very much localized, resulting in a non-optimum design.…”