Designing solid-liquid interphases for sodium batteries

Choudhury, Snehashis; Wei, Shuya; Ozhabes, Yalcin; Gunceler, Deniz; Zachman, Michael J.; Tu, Zhengyuan; Shin, Jung Hwan; Nath, Pooja; Agrawal, Akanksha; Kourkoutis, Lena F.; Arias, T. A.; Archer, Lynden A.

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00742-x

Cited by 317 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, after five cycles at al ow current density (0.1 mA cm À2 ), the interfacial resistance of the latter cells is seen to reduce significantly,byabout 10 times.The high interfacial resistance initially observed is consistent with the blockage of direct electrolyte access to the Li electrode.T he fact that the cell without initial conditioning has the same interfacial resistance as the control cell is also unsurprising because it is known that Li metal forms anative coating of oxides and carbonates even with slightest exposure of organic solvent and oxygen (even inside the glove box). As previously reported, [31] the lower interfacial activation energy reflects the reduced diffusion barrier for surface transport of Li ad-atoms on the In surface. Va lues of activation energy B,are given in Table S2.…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiesupporting

confidence: 80%

Electroless Formation of Hybrid Lithium Anodes for Fast Interfacial Ion Transport

Choudhury

Stalin

et al. 2017

Angewandte Chemie

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Rechargeable batteries based on metallic anodes are of interest for fundamental and application-focused studies of chemical and physical kinetics of liquids at solid interfaces. Approaches that allow facile creation of uniform coatings on these metals to prevent physical contact with liquid electrolytes, while enabling fast ion transport, are essential to address chemical instability of the anodes.H ere,w er eport as imple electroless ion-exchange chemistry for creating coatings of indium on lithium. By means of joint density functional theory and interfacial characterization experiments,w es howt hat In coatings stabilizeL ib ym ultiple processes,i ncluding exceptionally fast surface diffusion of lithium ions and high chemical resistance to liquid electrolytes.I ndium coatings also undergo reversible alloying reactions with lithium ions,f acilitating design of high-capacity hybrid In-Li anodes that use both alloying and plating approaches for charge storage.Bymeans of direct visualization, we further show that the coatings enable remarkably compact and uniform electrodeposition. The resultant In-Li anodes are shown to exhibit minimal capacity fade in extended galvanostatic cycling when paired with commercial-grade cathodes.Secondary batteries comprising of metallic anodes (e.g.L i, Na, Al) have drawn significant recent attention due to their promise for enabling large (as high as ten-fold) increases in the anodic capacity,incomparison to state-of-art lithium-ion anode chemistry. [1,2] Am ajor barrier to the successful implementation of such anodes is the uneven electrodeposition of the metal in the charging process,w hich leads to formation of rough, so-called dendritic structures.T hese structures are diffusion-limited and as such under extended battery operation can grow to fill the inter-electrode space, short-circuiting the battery. [3][4][5] Previously,u sing continuum modeling,T ikekar et al. [6,7] proposed that dendrite-induced short-circuits can be prevented using electrolytes with moderate mechanical modulus (10 MPa) if afraction of the anions are tethered to prevent cell polarization at high current densities and to maintain electrolyte conductivity in the region near the anode.T here is also al arge body of experimental work showing that dendrite growth can be regulated using solid-state electrolytes, [8] nanoporous polymers or ceramics that host liquids in their pores, [9][10][11] crosslinked polymers, [12,13] as well as with high transference number gel-like electrolytes. [14][15][16][17] Although researchers are now able to address safety concerns associated with Li and Na metal anodes by av ariety of means,t his progress has uncovered difficult challenges associated with uncontrolled parasitic reactions between liquid electrolytes and ar eactive metal electrode. [18,19] In rechargeable batteries that employ metallic anodes, particularly those based on Li and Na, the electrolyte would ideally react with the metal surface to form astable and selflimiting passivation layer termed the solid-electrolyt...

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Section: Angewandte Chemiesupporting

confidence: 80%

Electroless Formation of Hybrid Lithium Anodes for Fast Interfacial Ion Transport

Choudhury

Stalin

et al. 2017

Angewandte Chemie

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“…An artificial SEI can be constructed on Na anodes via a chemical reaction ( Figure a) . For example, through the reaction of Na with 1‐bromopropane, a thin layer of NaBr was coated on a Na anode (Figure b) . The NaBr‐protected Na metal anode showed a low diffusion barrier for interfacial ion transport, which is beneficial for uniform Na plating.…”

Section: Strategies For Efficient Use Of Na Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Strategies to Enable the Efficient Use of Sodium Metal Anodes in High‐Energy Batteries

et al. 2019

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Sodium-based batteries have attracted considerable attention and are recognized as ideal candidates for large-scale and low-cost energy storage. Sodium (Na) metal anodes are considered as one of the most promising anodes for next-generation, high-energy, Na-based batteries owing to their high theoretical specific capacity (1166 mA h g −1 ) and low standard electrode potential. Herein, an overview of the recent developments in Na metal anodes for high-energy batteries is provided. The high reactivity and large volume expansion of Na metal anodes during charge and discharge make the electrode/electrolyte interphase unstable, leading to the formation of Na dendrites, short cycle life, and safety issues. Design strategies to enable the efficient use of Na metal anodes are elucidated, including liquid electrolyte engineering, electrode/electrolyte interface optimization, sophisticated electrode construction, and solid electrolyte engineering. Finally, the remaining challenges and future research directions are identified. It is hoped that this progress report will shape a consistent view of this field and provide inspiration for future research to improve Na metal anodes and enable the development of high-energy sodium batteries.

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“…[16] In light of this,weimmersed Na electrode in diglyme electrolyte with 0.067 m PS to form apassivation layer on Na surface.The symmetric cell with two identical PS-treated (PT) Na electrodes displayed as table voltage profile over 400 cycles (Figure 4a). Archersgroup reported the use of bromopropane to pre-stabilize Na surface.…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Stabilization of the Sodium Metal Anode with Additives: Unexpected Key Role of Sodium Polysulfide and Adverse Effect of Sodium Nitrate

et al. 2018

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Sodium metal is an attractive anode for next-generation energy storage systems owing to its high specific capacity, low cost, and high abundance. Nevertheless, uncontrolled Na dendrite growth caused by the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) leads to poor cycling performance and severe safety concerns. Sodium polysulfide (Na S ) alone is revealed to serve as a positive additive or pre-passivation agent in ether electrolyte to improve the long-term stability and reversibility of the Na anode, while Na S -NaNO as co-additive has an adverse effect, contrary to the prior findings in the lithium anode system. A superior cycling behavior of Na anode is first demonstrated at a current density up to 10 mA cm and a capacity up to 5 mAh cm over 100 cycles. As a proof of concept, a high-capacity Na-S battery was prepared by pre-passivating the Na anode with Na S . This study gives insights into understanding the differences between Li and Na systems.

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Designing solid-liquid interphases for sodium batteries

Cited by 317 publications

References 48 publications

Electroless Formation of Hybrid Lithium Anodes for Fast Interfacial Ion Transport

Electroless Formation of Hybrid Lithium Anodes for Fast Interfacial Ion Transport

Design Strategies to Enable the Efficient Use of Sodium Metal Anodes in High‐Energy Batteries

Facile Stabilization of the Sodium Metal Anode with Additives: Unexpected Key Role of Sodium Polysulfide and Adverse Effect of Sodium Nitrate

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