Designing of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Nipah virus by in silico approach: a putative prophylactic solution for the deadly virus

Abstract

Nipah virus (NPV) is one of the most notorious viruses with a very high fatality rate. Because of the recurrent advent of this virus and its severe neurological implications, often leading to high mortality, the WHO R&D Blueprint, 2018 has listed the Nipah virus as one of the emerging infectious diseases requiring urgent research and development effort. Yet there is a major layback in the development of effective vaccines or drugs against NPV. In this study, we have designed a stable multivalent vaccine combining several T-cell and B-cell epitopes of the essential Nipah viral proteins with the help of different ligands and adjuvants which can effectively induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in human. Different advanced immune-informatic tools confirm the stability, high immunogenicity and least allergenicity of the vaccine candidate. The standard molecular dynamic cascade analysis validates the stable interaction of the vaccine construct with the human Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) complex. Later, codon optimization and in silico cloning in a known pET28a vector system shows the possibility for the expression of this vaccine in a simple organism like E.coli. It is believed that with further in vitro and in vivo validation, this vaccine construct can pose to be a better prophylactic solution to the Nipah viral disease.

Exploring the structural basis to develop efficient multi-epitope vaccines displaying interaction with HLA and TAP and TLR3 molecules to prevent NIPAH infection, a global threat to human health

“…Here, 16 out of the 116 epitopes were shortlisted having a length of 4 to 19 amino acids (Supplementary table S6, Figure 1). One of these 16 B cell epitopes (Matrix Protein: SIPREFMIY) matches with a previous study [39], indicating epitope screening consensus using different approaches and methods (Supplementary table S6).…”

Immunoinformatics Approach to Design Multi-Epitope- Subunit Vaccine against Bovine Ephemeral Fever Disease

“…Several multiepitope vaccines have been reported previously that employed immunoinformatics approaches with promising results against SARS-CoV-2 [71], Chandipura virus [72], HIV [73], Nipah virus [74], Ebola virus [75], Zika virus [76], and so on. In this study, a multiepitope vaccine construct containing B-cell, CTL, and HTL epitopes linked to an adjuvant and linkers was designed that could effectively provoke the host's innate and adaptive immune responses, proposing it to be a strong candidate for the BEFV vaccine development approach.…”

Scrutinizing the SARS-CoV-2 protein information for the designing an effective vaccine encompassing both the T-cell and B-cell epitopes

“…These epitope-based vaccines have added advantages of being safe, stable, highly specific, cost-curtailing, easy to produce in bulk, and provides option to manipulate the epitopes for designing of a better vaccine candidate [61]. This method of vaccine development has proved to be promising enough for different microbial diseases including both bacterial and viral [25,[62][63][64][65][66][67].…”