“…At present, in view of communication technologies progress, there is an increasing demand for miniature antennas with multiband and/or wideband operations and which have great radiation efficiency. In the literature, we find various methods to generate multiband operations to respond to development requirements [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Numerous techniques are suggested to generate multiband and/or wideband operations to cover wireless local area network (WLAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and C band applications [1]- [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the literature, we find various methods to generate multiband operations to respond to development requirements [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Numerous techniques are suggested to generate multiband and/or wideband operations to cover wireless local area network (WLAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and C band applications [1]- [4]. Fractal antennas are one of the methods that allows miniaturizing and providing a multiband and/or wideband characteristic at low cost, as these patches perfect the input impedance matching.…”
<span>This letter presents the design, simulation, and measurement of a novel multiband fractal circular antenna for wireless applications. In the antenna design, we used a circular antenna where we took a ring. Then, in the first iteration, we added a new ring divided into two of the same size. For the second iteration, we added a ring of the same size after dividing it into two halves. In the third iteration, we added the third ring of the same size after dividing it into four. Due to the resonator defection, we were able to reduce the size of the starting antenna from 60×70×2 mm<sup>3</sup> to 50×50×1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>, to get the frequency of 2.48 GHz, and we generated new bandwidths with a high gain that reaches 5.02 dB. The proposed antenna radiation characteristics, such as the impedance matching, the gain, the radiation pattern, and the surface current distribution are presented and discussed. We find that the simulated and measured results are in acceptable agreement and affirm the good performance of the proposed antenna. The results obtained affirm that the proposed fractal antenna is a better candidate for integration into wireless communication circuits.</span>
“…At present, in view of communication technologies progress, there is an increasing demand for miniature antennas with multiband and/or wideband operations and which have great radiation efficiency. In the literature, we find various methods to generate multiband operations to respond to development requirements [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Numerous techniques are suggested to generate multiband and/or wideband operations to cover wireless local area network (WLAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and C band applications [1]- [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the literature, we find various methods to generate multiband operations to respond to development requirements [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Numerous techniques are suggested to generate multiband and/or wideband operations to cover wireless local area network (WLAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and C band applications [1]- [4]. Fractal antennas are one of the methods that allows miniaturizing and providing a multiband and/or wideband characteristic at low cost, as these patches perfect the input impedance matching.…”
<span>This letter presents the design, simulation, and measurement of a novel multiband fractal circular antenna for wireless applications. In the antenna design, we used a circular antenna where we took a ring. Then, in the first iteration, we added a new ring divided into two of the same size. For the second iteration, we added a ring of the same size after dividing it into two halves. In the third iteration, we added the third ring of the same size after dividing it into four. Due to the resonator defection, we were able to reduce the size of the starting antenna from 60×70×2 mm<sup>3</sup> to 50×50×1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>, to get the frequency of 2.48 GHz, and we generated new bandwidths with a high gain that reaches 5.02 dB. The proposed antenna radiation characteristics, such as the impedance matching, the gain, the radiation pattern, and the surface current distribution are presented and discussed. We find that the simulated and measured results are in acceptable agreement and affirm the good performance of the proposed antenna. The results obtained affirm that the proposed fractal antenna is a better candidate for integration into wireless communication circuits.</span>
“…Another method is to increase the thickness of the substrate using substrate stacking, also known as substrate sandwiching by means of different substrates stacked together. In these methods, the gain is enhanced due to the decrease in effective permittivity [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Although microstrip antennas using stacked substrate provide a solution for gain enhancement, this will lead to an increase in resonance frequency, making these antennas unsuitable for sub-GHz ISM band applications, where such license-free bands are very useful for Linear Wireless Sensor Networks (LWSNs) as in [9].…”
Highlights• Gain enhancement using multi-layer antenna.• The antenna operates at the European license-free ISM band (863-875MHz).• The antenna meets the harsh environmental conditions of WSNs operating in rural areas.• The antenna is cost-effective, easy to fabricate and can be employed easily in WSNs.
“…Simultaneously, reducing the effect of multipath caused by the obstacles was the main target of researchers in wireless communication systems for spectral efficiency enhancement. Jack Winter, at Bell laboratories, developed the first MIMO system; where it was a start point for using more than one antenna in wireless communications [9][10][11][12][13]. Later in 1993, T. Kailath and A. Paulraj proposed the spatial diversity principle [14].…”
HIPERLAN/2 system integrated with Alamouti technique is presented, where multiple input multiple output system including space time diversity have been employed into HIPERLAN/2 system. This method, noise reduction is applied when the transmitted antennas are closely located to the receive antennas, and they are working in a full-mode duplexing. Several factors for testing the performance of the modified system such as changing the modulation scheme and the feedback accuracy have been considered, the system performance was tested in terms of bit error rate (BER) and the signal to noise ratio (SNR). MATLAB and Simulink are used for simulating and evaluating the suggested system. the performance of the suggested system is mainly depending on the feedback mismatch amount. The modified system performance enhances as the feedback accuracy increases.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.