Designing Magnetic NanoMOFs for Biomedicine: Current Trends and Applications

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown a great potential in biomedicine due to their promising applications in different fields, including drug delivery, thermometry, theranostics etc. In this context, the development of magnetic sub-micrometric or nanometric MOFs through miniaturization approaches of magnetic MOFs up to the nanoscale still represents a crucial step to fabricate biomedical probes, especially in the field of theranostic nanomedicine. Miniaturization processes have to be properly designed to tailor the size and shape of particles and to retain magnetic properties and high porosity in the same material, fundamental prerequisites to develop smart nanocarriers integrating simultaneously therapeutic and contrast agents for targeted chemotherapy or other specific clinical use. An overview of current trends on the design of magnetic nanoMOFs in the field of biomedicine, with particular emphasis on theranostics and bioimaging, is herein envisioned.

Synthesis and Application of MOF-808 Decorated with Folic Acid-Conjugated Chitosan as a Strong Nanocarrier for the Targeted Drug Delivery of Quercetin

“…Zr is an essential microelement for the human body, with an oral lethal dose (LD 50 ) of 4.1 g kg –1 . The LD 50 value for BTC as a biofriendly and exogenous organic linker used to prepare MOF-808 is 8.4 g kg –1 . , …”

“…The LD 50 value for BTC as a biofriendly and exogenous organic linker used to prepare MOF-808 is 8.4 g kg −1 . 95,96 The surface chemistry of a given drug-delivery system identifies its interaction with the media, enhancing stability and dispersion and providing the potential for the drug to overcome physiological boundaries while serving as target delivery systems. In this regard, surface modification offers great potential for the development of high-efficiency MOFbased drug-delivery systems; however, the multiple synthetic steps involved in their synthesis, surface modification, and drug loading can impede their efficient manufacture.…”

Redox-active benzoquinones as challenging “non-innocent” linkers to construct 2D frameworks and nanostructures with tunable physical properties

“…6–8 CPs are infinite coordination frameworks built by the self-assembly of metal ions and organic linkers to form various architectures in different dimensions. 9–13 MOFs are a subclass of CPs, possessing potential voids that can lead to permanent porosity as a unique feature, which are an important class of materials due to their potential practical applications in various fields such as sensing, 14 adsorption, 15 wastewater treatment, 16 photocatalysis, 17 biomedicine, 18 etc. 19,20…”

A thermally/chemically robust and easily regenerable anilato-based ultramicroporous 3D MOF for CO2 uptake and separation

“…10,11 Because of their intrinsic porosity they have attracted ever-growing interest in several applications ranging from gas storage and separation, catalysis, chemical sensing, to biomedicine. [12][13][14][15] Noteworthy Long. et al recently reported on the unprecedented adsorption behaviour shown by diamine-appended MOFs, which maintain affinity for CO2 under moisture exposure and show excellent long-term stability, both crucial requirements for CO2 capture.…”