Designing Lubricating Properties of Vegetable Base Oils

Iłowska, Jolanta; Chrobak, Justyna; Grabowski, Rafał; Szmatoła, Michał; Woch, Julia; Szwach, I.; Drabik, J.; Trzos, M.; Kozdrach, R.; Wrona, M.

doi:10.3390/molecules23082025

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…These oils are also characterized by good lubricity, high efficiency over a wide temperature range, high viscosity index and polarity, which ensures a high cleaning effect. More and more research concerns new bio-oil production technologies that can completely replace conventional lubricating oils [18,19]. Their low temperature properties and oxidative stability are the main disadvantages in comparison with mineral oil bases, and, unfortunately, additives are needed to overcome these problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Health Effects of Lubricant Oils Emitted into the Environment

Nowak

Kucharska

Kamiński

2019

IJERPH

149

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Lubricating oils used in machines with an open cutting system, such as a saw or harvester, are applied in forest areas, gardening, in the household, and in urban greenery. During the operation of the device with an open cutting system, the lubricating oil is emitted into the environment. Therefore, the use of an oil base and refining additives of petroleum origin in the content of lubricants is associated with a negative impact on health and the environment. The current legal regulations concerning lubricants applicable in the European Union (EU) assess the degree of biodegradability. Legislation permits the use of biodegradable oils at 60% for a period of 28 days. This means that, in practice, lubricating oil considered to be biodegradable can contain up to 50% of the so-called petroleum oil base. The paper aims to draw public attention to the need to reduce the toxicity and harmful effects, due to their composition, of lubricating oils emitted into the environment on health. The authors discuss the impact of petroleum oil lubricants on soils, groundwater, vegetation, and animals, and the impact of petroleum-origin oil mist on health. An overview of test methods for the biodegradability of lubricating oils is presented, including the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 301 A–F, 310, and 302 A–D tests, as well as their standard equivalents. The current legal regulations regarding the use and control of lubricating oils emitted into the environment are discussed. Legal provisions are divided according to their area of application. Key issues regarding the biodegradability and toxicity of petroleum fractions in lubricating oils are also addressed. It is concluded that lubricating oils, emitted or potentially emitted into the environment, should contain only biodegradable ingredients in order to eliminate the negative impact on both the environment and health. Total biodegradability should be confirmed by widely applied tests. Therefore, a need to develop and implement low-cost and simple control procedures for each type of lubricating oil, ensuring the possibility of an indisputable conclusion about the presence and total absence of petroleum-derived components in oil, as well as the content of natural ingredients, occurs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Health Effects of Lubricant Oils Emitted into the Environment

Nowak

Kucharska

Kamiński

2019

IJERPH

149

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“…A group of model lubricating compositions was devel-oped using non-toxic ingredients that are a dispersing and dispersed phase [18][19][20]. As a dispersing phase, vegetable oil (sunflower) with very good physicochemical properties was used.…”

Section: Materials and Methodology Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tribological properties of lubricating greases produced on vegetable base and modified of polytetrafluoroethylene

Kozdrach

2020

Finnish J. Trib.

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The article presents the results of research on the influence of polytetrafluoroethylene additive on the tribological and rheological properties of selected lubricant compositions. Based on the obtained test results, it was found that the introduction of a modifying additive to the lubricant structure allows a significant reduction of the coefficient of friction, thus increasing the efficiency of tribological protection of the tribosystem. All lubricating compositions modified with at least 1% polytetrafluoroethylene guarantee effective anti-wear protection under load conditions of the tribosystem. Modification of the tested lubricating compositions with the applied additive affects the increase of indicators characterizing the fatigue life of the examined lubricating greases based on sunflower oil. The introduction of the polytetrafluoroethylene into the structure of the tested lubricants changed the values of the MSD correlation function and the G’ and G’’ modules, which significantly influenced the internal structure of the tested lubricant compositions.

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“…The lubricating grease used in the test was based on a vegetable base oil (Kozdrach, 2016a(Kozdrach, , 2016bDrabik et al, 2018aDrabik et al, , 2018bDrabik et al, , 2018cIłowska et al, 2018;Skowroński, 2018a, 2018b;Szmatoła et al 2018). Lithium stearate was used as a thickener for the lubricating grease.…”

Section: The Characteristics Of the Test Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of montmorillonite content on change the physicochemical properties of lubricating greases produced from vegetable base oil

Kozdrach¹

2020

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The publication presents the results of investigations into the influence of different amounts of a modifying additive on the physicochemical properties of selected lubricating compositions. Montmorillonite, as a representative of stratified silicates, was used to modify lubricating grease produced from a vegetable base oil, and lithium stearate was used to thicken it. Investigations of the physicochemical properties of the base lubricating grease were carried out and compared with the results obtained for lubricating greases containing the modifying additive. The selected parameters were penetration, penetration after prolonged kneading, dropping point, emission of oil from grease, anticorrosive properties by dynamic method, and mechanical stability-an attempt to roll out and oxidize the lubricant with a PetroOxy apparatus. Based on the results of physicochemical tests, it was determined that the applied modifying additive causes an increase in the dropping point, which limits the applicability of lubricating greases, as well as a decrease in oil emission, which was responsible for the lubricating effectiveness of the tested lubricants. It had a positive effect on mechanical stability and the tested lubricants were not disqualified from use in established applications, reducing the degree of corrosion on ball bearings working in the presence of the lubricating greases during testing. This had a positive effect on the condition of machines and devices where the lubricating greases are used and increased the oxidative stability when its content in the lubricating grease was at least 5%. This figure represents the upper limit of the modifying additive content in the lubricating greases.

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Designing Lubricating Properties of Vegetable Base Oils

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Ecological and Health Effects of Lubricant Oils Emitted into the Environment

Ecological and Health Effects of Lubricant Oils Emitted into the Environment

The tribological properties of lubricating greases produced on vegetable base and modified of polytetrafluoroethylene

The influence of montmorillonite content on change the physicochemical properties of lubricating greases produced from vegetable base oil

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