Designing green plasticizers: Influence of molecule geometry and alkyl chain length on the plasticizing effectiveness of diester plasticizers in PVC blends

Erythropel, Hanno C.; Shipley, Sarah; Börmann, Aurélie; Nicell, Jim A.; Marić, Milan; Leask, Richard L.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2016.02.031

Cited by 110 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…designed a polyester plasticizer with good thermal stability and migration resistance, whereas its plasticizing efficiency was still lower than that of DOP. Erythropel et al . assessed the influence of the central structure and side‐chain length on the plasticizer effectiveness of succinate and maleate diesters blended into PVC and found that the length of the side chain played an important role; the maximum effectiveness was found for the linear dihexyl esters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(hexane succinate) plasticizer designed for poly(vinyl chloride) with a high efficiency, nontoxicity, and improved migration resistance

Gao

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(hexane succinate) (PHS) was designed as an alternative type of polyester plasticizer for the modification of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The plasticizing effect of PHS was studied and compared with the traditional dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticizer. The results show that the PVC plasticized by PHS had the lowest tensile strength of 15.3 MPa and the highest elongation at break of 105.1% when 35 phr PHS was added. It also exhibited a lower glass‐transition temperature than PVC plasticized by DOP (PVC–DOP); this could be explained by the improvement of free volume for the amorphous part of PVC enhanced by high‐molecular‐weight PHS. The migration‐resistant properties of PVC–PHS was greatly superior to those of PVC–DOP. All of these results illustrate that PHS had a higher plasticizing efficiency than DOP for PVC. PHS could be used as an alternative plasticizer to remove the potential health risks of phthalates migrating out during applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46388.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(hexane succinate) plasticizer designed for poly(vinyl chloride) with a high efficiency, nontoxicity, and improved migration resistance

Gao

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…But focusing on the detail of carbonyl stretching peak, it is obvious that in PVC/DINCH (100/100), the overall shape of carbonyl peak shifted to lower wavenumber. This is because DINCH is consisted of a mixture of two stereoisomers . The perfect fitting curves showed in Figure confirm the existence of two peaks which corresponding to cis and trans isomers of DINCH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of liquid plasticizers on crystallization of PCL in soft PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends

Xiong

Guo

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and liquid plasticizer were combined used to plasticize poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and the possibility of using PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends to fabricate soft PVC with enhanced migration resistance was investigated. Through partial replacement of liquid plasticizers in soft PVC by equal quantity of PCL, flexibility was maintained while extraction loss of plasticizer by organic solvent was reduced significantly. Furthermore, crystallization of PCL in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends with low PCL content was observed, and crystallization rate of PCL was found to be influenced by plasticizer contents and structures. For instance, crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/diisononyl phthalate (DINP) (100/40/100) was 3.7 times faster than in PVC/PCL/DINP (100/40/80), while crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/dioctyl adipate(DOA)(100/40/100) was 8.3 times faster than in PVC/PCL/diisononyl cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxylate (DINCH) (100/40/100). Low‐field 1H NMR test manifested that different crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends with different plasticizer structures was triggered by difference in plasticizers' compatibility with PVC, that is, the number of interaction point between PVC and plasticizers. It is concluded that PCL crystallization favored by liquid plasticizers in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends was induced by interaction competition between PVC/plasticizer and PVC/PCL. As plasticizer content increases or its compatibility with PVC decreases, interaction competition becomes more intense and consequently faster crystallization of PCL occurs. Thus, to obtain soft PVC products with improve migration resistance while avoiding PCL crystallization, the total content of plasticizer (including both liquid plasticizer and PCL) should be lower than 66 phr (40 wt %). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48803.

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“…The molecular weights of ECBE and DOP are similar (385 and 390 g mol −1 , respectively), but ECBE contains epoxy groups and ether groups which make its polarity closer to PVC . However, ECBE with four‐carbon side chains is more compatible with PVC . The long aliphatic chains in ECBE may interrupt the interaction or provide excess free volume, which inhibits PVC performance .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of epoxidized cardanol butyl ether as a novel renewable plasticizer and its application for poly(vinyl chloride)

Nie

Chen

et al. 2016

Polymer International

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A new type of plasticizer, epoxidized cardanol butyl ether (ECBE), was synthesized via etherification and epoxidation. Successful synthesis was confirmed from Fourier transform infrared, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra. The obtained product was evaluated by adding it to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) incorporated with dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Mechanical and thermal properties of PVC blends were studied using tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Processability, migration and volatility of plasticizing systems were also investigated. Tensile tests found a maximum increase of 17.8% in elongation at break. DMA results indicated that glass transition temperature shifted to lower temperature with a maximum decrease of 5.76 ∘ C. TGA results revealed that PVC blends with higher content of ECBE had higher thermal stability; initial degradation temperature, 50% weight loss temperature and the first peak degradation temperature increased by 15.3, 14.8 and 4.1 ∘ C, respectively. Processing time was extended from 11.56 to 59.94 min. The plasticizing performance of migration and volatility resistance were higher than those of neat DOP.

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Designing green plasticizers: Influence of molecule geometry and alkyl chain length on the plasticizing effectiveness of diester plasticizers in PVC blends

Cited by 110 publications

References 40 publications

Poly(hexane succinate) plasticizer designed for poly(vinyl chloride) with a high efficiency, nontoxicity, and improved migration resistance

Poly(hexane succinate) plasticizer designed for poly(vinyl chloride) with a high efficiency, nontoxicity, and improved migration resistance

Effect of liquid plasticizers on crystallization of PCL in soft PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends

Preparation of epoxidized cardanol butyl ether as a novel renewable plasticizer and its application for poly(vinyl chloride)

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