Designing end-to-end resource reservations in predictable distributed embedded systems

Ashjaei, Mohammad; Khalilzad, Nima Moghaddami; Mubeen, Saad; Behnam, Moris; Sander, Ingo; Almeida, Luís; Nolte, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s11241-017-9283-6

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…e service platform is composed of distributed servers, provides computer and network services for data storage and distribution, provides cloud preprocessing services, and provides analysis and feedback of local smart cards and other service terminal devices [23]. Its purpose is to reduce bandwidth pressure, reduce application delays, and reduce the computing load of the data center [24]. e fog computing framework is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Bayesian Algorithm Of Simulation Interactive Credibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Virtual Environment Basketball Equipment Embedded Systems’ Research and Development

Zhou

2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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With the development of social economy and the improvement of material level, people are paying more and more attention to their own health, and they are also constantly improving their fitness awareness. As far as the current sports equipment is concerned, the boring exercise methods can no longer satisfy people’s pursuit of higher quality fitness exercises. The embedding of the distributed virtual environment can incorporate its perceptual, immersive, and interactive characteristics, which increases the realization of multiuser interactive behavior in the field of sports equipment in the virtual scene. Therefore, this paper proposes the research and development of basketball sports equipment embedded system based on distributed virtual environment. First of all, this article adopts the literature method to learn the application of distributed virtual environment and embedded system in depth and, secondly, designs the embedded system architecture of basketball sports equipment suitable for distributed virtual environment and the software and hardware framework of the embedded system. Finally, the performance, delay comparison, system optimization test, and other aspects of the embedded system are analyzed. The average delay of interactive functions of embedded systems based on distributed virtual environment is 1.4 min, which saves 4 min compared with traditional interactive methods. And, the throughput rate of the system has also been greatly improved. The research on the embedded system of sports equipment based on the distributed virtual environment proposed in this paper will be beneficial to the development of society and economy, and it can also help more people to enrich the way of sports and enhance the fun of sports.

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Section: Bayesian Algorithm Of Simulation Interactive Credibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Virtual Environment Basketball Equipment Embedded Systems’ Research and Development

Zhou

2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…Compared with TTW, which tightly couples tasks and messages by co-scheduling them, DRP incurs significantly higher worst-case delays, and is thus not suitable for demanding CPS applications [3] In the wired domain, a lot of work has been done on time-triggered architectures, such as the Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP) [30], the static-segment of FlexRay [15], or Time-Triggered Ethernet [28]. Like TTW, many recent works in this area also use SMT or MILP based methods to synthesize and/or analyze static (co-)schedules for those architectures [39,12,5,41,44]. The key difference to TTW, however, is that these approaches assume that a message can be scheduled at any point in time: while it is a perfectly valid hypothesis for a wired system, this assumption is not compatible with the use of communication rounds in a 23:5 wireless setting.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Time-Triggered Wireless Architecture

Jacob,

Zhang,

Zimmerling

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Wirelessly interconnected sensors, actuators, and controllers promise greater flexibility, lower installation and maintenance costs, and higher robustness in harsh conditions than wired solutions. However, to facilitate the adoption of wireless communication in cyber-physical systems (CPS), the functional and non-functional properties must be similar to those known from wired architectures. We thus present Time-Triggered Wireless (TTW), a wireless architecture for multi-mode CPS that offers reliable communication with guarantees on end-to-end delays and jitter among distributed applications executing on low-cost, low-power embedded devices. We achieve this by exploiting the high reliability and deterministic behavior of a synchronous-transmission-based communication stack we design, and by coupling the timings of distributed task executions and message exchanges across the wireless network by solving a novel co-scheduling problem. While some of the concepts in TTW have existed for some time and TTW has already been successfully applied for feedback control and coordination of multiple mechanical systems with closed-loop stability guarantees, this paper presents the key algorithmic, scheduling, and networking mechanisms behind TTW, along with their experimental evaluation, which have not been known so far. TTW is open source and ready to use. ACM Subject ClassificationComputer systems organization → Real-time system architecture; Computer systems organization → Sensors and actuators; Networks → Sensor networks Keywords and phrases Time-triggered architecture, wireless bus, synchronous transmissions.

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“…Ultimately, (C1) and (C2) can be formulated as ILP constraints using ( 8), (9), and the following two equations:…”

Section: Algorithm 1 Pseudo-code Of the Schedule Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the wired domain, much work has been done on time-triggered architecture, like TTP [18], the static-segment of FlexRay [19], or TTEthernet [20]. Many recent works use SMT-of ILP-based methods to synthesize and/or analyze static (co-)schedules for those architectures [8], [9], [12], [21], [22]. However, these approaches assume that a message can be scheduled at anytime.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TTW: A Time-Triggered Wireless design for CPS

Jacob

Zhang

Zimmerling

et al. 2018

2018 Design, Automation &Amp; Test in Europe Conference &Amp; Exhibition (DATE)

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Wired field buses have proved their effectiveness to support Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). However, in avionics, for ease of deployment, or for new functionality featuring mobile devices, there is a strong interest for wireless solutions. Low-power wireless protocols have been proposed, but requirements of a large class of CPS applications can still not be satisfied. This paper presents Time-Triggered-Wireless (TTW), a distributed low-power wireless system design that minimizes energy consumption and offers end-to-end timing predictability, adaptability, reliability, low latency. Our evaluation shows a reduction of communication latency by a factor 2x and of energy consumption by 33-40% compared to state-of-the-art approaches. This validates the suitability of TTW for wireless CPS applications and opens the way for implementation and real-world experience with industry partners.

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Designing end-to-end resource reservations in predictable distributed embedded systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Distributed Virtual Environment Basketball Equipment Embedded Systems’ Research and Development

Distributed Virtual Environment Basketball Equipment Embedded Systems’ Research and Development

The Time-Triggered Wireless Architecture

TTW: A Time-Triggered Wireless design for CPS

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